Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

acute glomerulonephritis

A

damage to glomerulus usually post strep infec
+ blood
+ protein
+WBC
micro: rbc, rbc casts, hyaline casts, granular casts, +- wbc

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2
Q

pyelonephritis

A
kidney infec. post bacteria infec.
\+LE
\+ Nitrite
\+ Protein
\+- blood
micro: wbc casts, wbc, bacteria, rbc`
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3
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

circulatory disease post glomerulonephritis= tubular damage
4+ protein
+ blood
micro: fat, oval bodies, renal epis, all casts, rbc

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4
Q

UTI

A
bacterial infection
\+- protein
\+LE
\+ nitrite
\+blood
micro: wbc, bacteria, rbc
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5
Q

kidney stone

A

stone formation
4+ blood
Micro: rbc, crystals (calcium oxalate)

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6
Q

yeast infection

A
infection from yeast
\+- protein
\+ LE
\+ blood
micro: wbc, rbc, yeast
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7
Q

cystinuria

A

inability of renal tubules to reabsorb cystine
cystine crystals in urine
+ cyanide- nitroprusside test
renal calculi

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8
Q

cystinosis

A
IEM, crystalline deposits in body
polyuria
aminoaciduria
\+ for reducing substances
lack of urinary concentration
may progress to renal failure
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9
Q

homocystinuria

A
defect in metabolism of homocystine
\+ cyanide-nitroprusside test
\+silver nitroprusside test
failure to thrive
cataracts
mental retardation
thromboembolic problems
death
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10
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

decrease in production/function of ADH
decrease SG
increase urine volume
normal glucose levels

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11
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

defect in pancreatic production/function of insulin
increase SG
increase urine volume
Increase glucose level

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12
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria
phenylalanine hydroxylase not produced
mousy smell to urine
if no dietary changes= damage to mental capabilities
Guthrie test: blood disks on culture w/ B. subtilis; increase in phenylalanine counteract B-2-thienylalanine and bacteria will grow

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13
Q

alkoptonuria

A

homogentisic acid not produced

urine darkens with alkalinity

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14
Q

MSUD

A

maple syrup urine disease
leucine, isoleucine, valine accumulation
urine smells like maple syrup
infants- failure to survive, sever mental disabilities
2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)- urine keto acids will produce a yellow ppt. when added

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15
Q

tryptophan disorders

A

indicanuria (blue urine)

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

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16
Q

blood, rbc, wbc, bacteria

A

UTI

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17
Q

blood, rbc, crystals

A

kidney stones

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18
Q

wbc, bacteria, rbcs +-

A

UTI

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19
Q

wbc, yeast, +- rbc

A

yeast infection

20
Q

bacteria and no wbc

A

contamination

21
Q

many squamous epithelial cells

A

poorly collected sample

22
Q

many transitional epithelial cells

A

renal disease

23
Q

many renal epithelial cells

A

renal disease

24
Q

protein trace-1+, wbc, bacteria

A

UTI

25
Q

trace-1+ protein, hyaline casts

A

renal disease/ exercise/ fever

26
Q

protein 2+-4+

A

likely renal disease

27
Q

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts

A

renal disease

28
Q

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts. wbc casts, wbc, +- bacteria

A

acute pyelonephritis

29
Q

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, rbc casts, rbc, +- wbc

A

acute glomerulonephritis

30
Q

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, rbc casts, rbc, +- wbc,
waxy casts, hgb casts, broad casts

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

31
Q

2-4+ protein, hyaline casts, granular casts, wbc casts, wbc, +- bacteria, waxy casts, broad casts

A

chronic pyelonephritis

32
Q

all casts- fatty casts, 2-4 + protein, rbc, wbc, oval fat bodies, +- free fat

A

nephrotic syndrome

33
Q

nephritic syndrom

A

hematuria
hypertension
possible proteinuria
ex. glomerulonephrtitis

34
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

significant proteinuria
edema
hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria
ex. minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranouse glomerulonephropathy, lupis nephritis

35
Q

cystitis

A

UTI

wbc, bacteria, +- proteinuria (might see casts), hematuria, increased pH

36
Q

acute pyelonephritis

A

untreated UTI bacteria move up UT

increased wbc, bacteria, hematuria, +- wbc/bacterial casts

37
Q

acute glomerulonephritis

A

post infectious (strep most common)
hematuria, rbc casts, proteinuria, wbcs
transient GFR

38
Q

chronic glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria, rbc casts, proteinuria, wbcs, many casts- broad and waxy
end stage renal disease

39
Q

Minimal change disease is a type of what disorder?

A

nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

glomerulonephritis is a type of what disorder?

A

nephritic syndrome

41
Q

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of what disorder?

A

nephrotic syndrome

42
Q

infantile polycystic kidney disease is what kind of disorder?

A

genetic

43
Q

+ bilirubin, normal urobilinogen is indicative of what?

A

gallstones or carcinoma

44
Q

+ bilirubin, + urobilinogen is indicative of what?

A

liver damage

45
Q
  • bilirubin, + urobilinogen is indicative of what?
A

hemolytic disease