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Microbiology Lab > Microscopes > Flashcards

Microscopes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do you carry the microscope?

A

carry the microscope with both hands; one on the arm and the other under the base. Do not tip the microscope because the eye pieces may fall out. Set it down gently do not bump or drag the microscope

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2
Q

What is used to clean lenses?

A
  • lens paper

* solvents

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3
Q

List what must be done when putting away a microscope:

A
  1. Clean every lens with lens paper
  2. leave the 4x objective lens facing down
  3. Move the mechanical stage to center, so nothing sticks out at the side
  4. Open the iris diaphragm all the way (lever all the way to the right)
  5. Rotate coarse focus adjustment knob so that the stage is ~1 inch from the lamp source
  6. Set light intensity to the lowest setting and turn the light source switch off
  7. Set filter to O (bright field)
  8. Coil and bind cord
  9. Put microscope in correct slot.
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4
Q

Compound Light microscope

A

a microscope which uses a light source to illuminate the specimen from below and a series of lenses to enlarge the image of the specimen.

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5
Q

Compound*

A

2 systems of lenses

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6
Q

Binocular*

A

2 eye pieces

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7
Q

Parafocal*

A

A parfocal lens is a lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length is changed. There is inevitably some amount of focus error, but small enough to be considered insignificant. When stage is set in scanning it is at the appropriate hight for all objectives only fine adjustments should be made.

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8
Q

e- microscope

A

passes e- beams through specimen, specimen must be covered in metal, allows us to achieve greater magnification than light microscopes

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9
Q

Fixed specimen

A

a specimen prepared in advanced and used repeatedly

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10
Q

wet-mount/ smear

A

a specimen that is collected and prepared immediately by the user.

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11
Q

Light passes through the slide into the ___________

A

objective lens

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12
Q

The longer the objective lens the ___________

A

the higher the magnification power; smaller the working distance.

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13
Q

Working distance

A

the space between the slide and the objective lens

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14
Q

The user observes specimens by looking through the ______.

A

ocular lens

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15
Q

What is the magnification power of the ocular lens?

A

10x

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16
Q

pointer

A

a feature of an ocular lens which allows a user to point to a specific area on a slide

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17
Q

One of the ocular lenses will ____ to improve _________.

A

rotate

resolution

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18
Q

Ocular micrometer

A

a ruler found in the ocular lens which allows the user to take measurements of a specimen, must be calibrated for each objective lens.

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19
Q

Total magnification

A

The enlarged size of an object verses its total size when viewed through the objective and ocular lens.

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20
Q

Resolution

A

How clear the image of the specimen appears

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21
Q

Contrast

A

How well you are able to determine different parts of the microscope.

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22
Q

Field of view

A

The area that can be seen with the microscope

23
Q

image orientation

A

mirrors are used to observe the specimen so the image will appear backwards and upside-down.

24
Q

Ocular lens

A

also called the eye piece, found at the top of the microscope and magnifies the specimen 10x.

25
Q

Scanning objective lens

A

has a magnification of 4x. Gives the viewer the largest field of view. ALWAYS START VIEWING AN OBJECT WITH THIS LENS. Ok to use coarse focus

26
Q

Low power objective lens

A

has a magnification of 10x. Okay to use coarse focus

27
Q

Medium power objective lens

A

magnifies 20x . use fine focus

28
Q

High Power objective lens

A

this lens has a magnification of 40x . use FINE FOCUS ONLY.

29
Q

Oil immersion Objective lens

A

magnifies 100x , must be used with immersion oil. USE FINE FOCUS ONLY.

30
Q

Revolving nose piece

A

or turret; Objective lenses are attached to this, turn to change objective lenses. Turn slowly, you will hear/feel a click when in place.

31
Q

Arm

A

the part to hold when carrying a microscope

32
Q

Base

A

other hand is placed under the base when carrying, this part rests on the table.

33
Q

Light source

A

Comes from the base of the microscope, shines upward to illuminate an object

34
Q

Stage

A

The platform where the slide is placed for viewing, there is a hole in the stage where the specimen should be placed over to allow light to shine through specimen. When on scanning bring stage all the way up and focus it from there.

35
Q

X and Y axis knobs

A

Allow you to move stage right and left and forwards and backwards

36
Q

Stage clip

A

metal clip that holds the slide in place

37
Q

Coarse adjustment knob

A

a large knob on ether side of the microscope, used to move the stage up and down to position the object in focus.

38
Q

Fine adjustment knob

A

smaller knobs located onto of the coarse adjustment knob. Makes very slight changes used to bring the image of the object into sharp focus

39
Q

Condenser

A

The condenser collects light and focuses them into stronger beams, much like an adjustable flashlight changes the intensity of light

40
Q

Iris Diaphragm lever

A

located below stage, by moving this lever to the right or left, one can adjust the amount of light that passes through the specimen.

41
Q

Filter

A

located below the stage. Rotating the dial will change the filters used to view specimens. O, DF, Ph1, Ph2, Ph3

42
Q

Main switch

A

turns on and shuts off power

43
Q

Light intensity knob/rheastat

A

controls light intensity

44
Q

Field iris diaphragm

A

located on light source

45
Q

Light source

A

where light comes from, has a filter holder for additional filters, and field iris diaphragm

46
Q

“O”

A

Bright field; good for stains allows color to be seen clearly

47
Q

“DF”

A

Darkfeild; provided better contrast than bright field and is best for living specimens.

48
Q

“Ph1”

A

Phase contrast 1; Does not work on scanning, helps to improve contrast while using low powered objective lens. Best for viewing live microorganisms

49
Q

“Ph2”

A

Phase contrast 2; Does not work on scanning, helps to improve contrast while using medium power objective lens. Best for viewing live microorganisms

50
Q

“Ph3”

A

Phase contrast 3; Does not work on scanning, helps to improve contrast while using high powered objective lens. Best for viewing microorganisms. Useful for viewing living cells.

51
Q

Magnification

A

a measure of how much larger the image of an object tis compared to the actual size of the object.

52
Q

Identify 2 ways to adjust the intensity of the light on the microscope.

A
  • manually using the light intensity dial

and iris diaphragm

53
Q

As the objective lenses get closer to the specimen and the working distance gets shorter what happens to illumination?

A

it gets dimmer

54
Q

Formula for times magnified

A

specimen size um

Microbiology Lab (7 decks)

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