Microorganisms practice questions

Question 1

Opporunistic fungal infections normally infect whom?

Answer 1

in those with weak immune systems (ie. immunocompromosied, elders, etc)

Question 2

What microorganism is highly treatable with antibiotics?

Answer 2

bacteria ONLY

Question 3

Many viral infections are what?

Answer 3

self limiting

thats why just let the infection run its course

Question 4

What is the common biological response to any infection by a pathogen?

Answer 4

fever to speed up tissue repair and stop pathogen from multiplying

pathogens and immune cells release pyrogens to tell hypothalamus, the body’s thermostat, to reset to higher temp; fever is only bad if it is very high or too long of a fever.

Question 5

How many times does an electron microscope magnify an object?

Answer 5

1M times

Question 6

Who is more susceptible to UTI’s? Why? What is the most common organism to cause a UTI and why? How is it treated?

Answer 6

• females bc of their short urethra
• E. Coli in women bc of its prevalence in rectum and so can easily get to the urethral opening
• tx with antibiotics

Question 7

Why are influenza vaccines administered annually?

Answer 7

the virus frequently mutates and changes

Question 8

What big microorganism group does algae belong to?

Answer 8

protists/ protozoans

Question 9

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 9

• blood borne pathogen- spread through blood contact b/w 2 ppl
• sex (esp anal bc there is delicate tissue around there and if ripped, HIV can get in) and sharing needles (b/w IV drug abusers)
• also can be spread during pregnancy, birth or breast feeding.

targets helper T (CD4 T) cells.

Question 10

What is a simple microscope? What are 3 examples of em?

Answer 10

• use of ONE lens to magnify an object; also uses visible light
• reading glasses, jewelry eyepieces, and pocket magnifiers

Question 11

What are 4 examples of diseases that are infectious but NON-contagious aka cant be spread through contact (ie. handshake or kiss)?

Answer 11

• food poisoning
• malaria- mosquito vector
• west nile virus- mosquito vector
• lyme dz- tick vector

Question 12

Unlike viruses, bacteria are often __, rarely cause _____, and are _____ present in the human body

Answer 12

• useful
• illness (so are mostly harmless)
• always

Question 13

What is the function of compound microscopes?

Answer 13

to view objects not visible to the naked eye (ie. blood cells)

Question 14

Compound vs Simple Microscopes

Answer 14

• compound uses TWO types of lens’s to magnify an object instead of one –> higher level mag = can get details of small specimen

Question 15

What type of microscope allows a 3D view of specimen? How is it able to do that?

Answer 15

stereo microscope aka a dissecting microscope

uses a separate objective for each eye

Question 16

How do viruses cause pneumonia?

Answer 16

travels into the lungs alveoli –> replicate –> cause inflammation –> increase fluid and secretion

sx: difficulty breathing, coughing and increased phlegm production.

Question 17

What is pneumonia an infection of? What is the most common microorganism group in children vs. in adults?

Answer 17

• infection of the alveoli
• children: viruses
• adults: bacteria

Question 18

What is the virus that can cause chickenpox?

Answer 18

from primary infection with varicella zoster virus, which stays dormant in sensory dorsal root ganglia and when reactivated when older can lead to shingles.