Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Define trace minerals

A

Mineral for which daily intake is

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2
Q

What are the trace minerals?

A
  • iron
  • Iodine
  • Zinc
  • Copper
  • Selenium
  • Molybdenum
  • Chromium
  • Fluoride
  • Manganese
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3
Q

Are trace minerals more or less bioavailable than macronutrients?

A

Less; they are susceptible to interference w/absorption

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4
Q

Iron - what does it do and how much of it is there?

A
  • Total body iron = 5g
  • 50% as hemoglobn iron
  • storage Fe: 300-1500 mg

Function:

  • O2 transport in blood and muscle
  • Electron transport
  • Enzymes for activation of O2
  • Enzymes, dopamine synthesis, CNS myelination
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5
Q

Where do we get iron from?

A

Food:
Heme: meats/flesh, liver (all milks = poor source)
Non-heme: plant sources and Fe-fortified foods

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6
Q

Factors affecting absorption/bioavailability

A

Heme Fe&raquo_space; non-heme

Insoluble complexes in plats inhibit absorption : phytate, oxalate, polyphenols, phosphate, fiber

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7
Q

Phytic acid

A

Binds cations in gut luman
Storage form of phosphorous in plants
Humans don’t have phytases
Serves fxn as anti-oxidant

High in grains & legumes
Maize/wheat > legumes > rice

Likely the major cause of dietary deficiencies

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8
Q

more on absorption of iron

A

Oxidation state:
Fe3+ –> Fe2+ better absorbed;
- ascorbic acid reduces Fe, forms complex

Host factors

  • deficiency –> inc absorption
  • inflammation –> dec. absorption

Key factors: form of Fe & host status for absorption

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9
Q

Iron Homeostasis

A
  1. Absorption = main point of regulation
    - deficiency –> dec. hepcidin –> inc. uptake
    - inflammation –> inc. hepcididn –> dec. uptake
  2. Loss: bleeding, cell sloughing
  3. Stores: ferritin - liver, bone marrow, spleen
  4. Transferrin: transports Fe in body; no “free Fe”
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10
Q

At risk populations for iron

A
  • BF infant (at birth use Fe in RBCs, but in 4-6 months, have to make their own RBCs so they need Fe from diet)
  • Premies
  • Young children
  • Adolescent girls
  • Pregnant women
  • Blood loss
  • Obese & s/p bariatric surgery
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