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Physical Pharmacy Laboratory > Micromeritics > Flashcards

Micromeritics Flashcards

1
Q

The science and technology of small particles

A

Micromeritics

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2
Q
  • Related to;
    (a) physical,
    (b) chemical, and
    (c) pharmacologic properties of a drug
A

particle size

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3
Q

what does micromeritics mainly affect in dosage forms?

A

drug release

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4
Q
  • For non-spherical/ asymmetrical particles
  • Approximate particle size based on
    diameter of sphere
A

Equivalent Spherical Diameter

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5
Q

Collection of particles of uniform size

A

monodisperse

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6
Q

Collection of particles of more than one size

A

polydisperse

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7
Q

Represents the number of particles in each size present in a given sample

A

Particle Size Distribution

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8
Q

methods of determining particle size distribution?

A

1.) number of particles
2.) weight of particles
3.) light scattering by particles
4.) volume of particles

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9
Q

Optical microscopy, electron microscopy

A

number of particles

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10
Q

sieving, sedimentation, centrifugation

A

weight of particles

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11
Q

photon correlation spectroscopy

A

light scattering particles

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12
Q

coulter counter method

A

volume of particles

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13
Q
  1. Sieves are arranged in a nest of about 5 with the coarsest on the top.
  2. Weighed sample is placed on top sieve.
  3. Sieves are shaken (mechanical shaker).
  4. Powder retained on each sieve is weighed.
A

sieving technique

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14
Q

up to what fineness can the sieving technique screen?

A

5 um up to 1000 um

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15
Q

factors affecting analysis by sieving

A
  1. Sieve loading
  2. Duration of agitation
  3. Intensity of agitation
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16
Q

advantages of sieving

A
  1. inexpensive
  2. Simple
  3. Rapid
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17
Q

(disadvantage) what is the appreciable amount of sample needed?

A

25 g

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18
Q

(disadvantages) up to what measure of particle size is difficult?

A

50 um

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19
Q

(disadvantages) attrition of particles during sieving may lead to…

A

size reduction

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20
Q

formula of π‘Ύπ’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’“π’†π’•π’‚π’Šπ’π’†π’…π’‘π’π’˜π’…π’†π’“

A

π‘Ύπ’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’”π’Šπ’†π’—π’†+π’‘π’π’˜π’…π’†π’“ βˆ’π‘Ύπ’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’”π’Šπ’†π’—π’†

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21
Q

formula for %π‘Ήπ’†π’•π’‚π’Šπ’π’†π’…

A

(π‘Ύπ’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’“π’†π’•π’‚π’Šπ’π’†π’…π’‘π’π’˜π’…π’†π’“ / π‘»π’π’•π’‚π’π‘Ύπ’†π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’•π’‘π’π’˜π’…π’†π’“) 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎

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22
Q

formula for π‘¨π’—π’†π’“π’‚π’ˆπ’†π‘«π’Šπ’‚π’Žπ’†π’•π’†π’“ ππ’Ž

A

(Ξ£(%π’“π’†π’•π’‚π’Šπ’π’†π’…π’™ π’π’‘π’†π’π’Šπ’π’ˆ)) / 𝟏𝟎𝟎

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23
Q
  1. A dilute suspension of the powder particles is prepared.
  2. A drop of the suspension is mounted on a fresh slide and observed through calibrated ocular micrometer.
A

optical microscopy

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24
Q

(advantage of optical microscopy) up to what can optical microscopy measure?

A

up to 1 um

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25
Q

(disadvantage of optical microscopy) what is the speed of optical microscopy?

A

tedious and slow

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26
Q

(disadvantage of optical microscopy) how many particles must be counted?

A

300 - 500 particles

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27
Q

(disadvantage of optical microscopy) what is the measured diameter of optical microscopy?

A

2D

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28
Q

powders may be…

A

(a) free-flowing
(b) cohesive/sticky

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29
Q

(Factors that affect flow properties) particles lead to better flow when

30
Q

(Factors that affect flow properties) particle shape leads to better flow when

31
Q

(Factors that affect flow properties) this porosity leads to better flow when

32
Q

(Factors that affect flow properties) this density leads to better flow when

33
Q

(Factors that affect flow properties) this type of surface texture leads to better flow

34
Q

The maximum angle possible between the surface of a pile of powder and the horizontal plane.

A

Angle or repose (𝜭)

35
Q

formula for angle of repose

A

𝜭 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏^βˆ’πŸ (𝒉/𝒓)

36
Q

(angle of repose) < 30

A

excellent (very free)

37
Q

(angle of repose) 31 - 35

38
Q

(angle of repose) 36 - 40

A

fair - aid not needed

39
Q

(angle of repose) 41 - 45

A

passable - may hang up

40
Q

(angle of repose) 46 - 55

A

poor - must agitate, vibrate

41
Q

(angle of repose) 56 - 65

42
Q

> 66

A

very, very poor

43
Q

A talc powder sample was allowed to flow onto a flat surface, a pile or heap of powder is formed with a height of 4.00 cm and base width of 6.50 cm. Calculate its angle of repose.

A

50.91𝒐

44
Q

VOLUME of material without VOIDS (intra-and inter-)

A

true volume

45
Q

VOLUME of material with intraparticular voids

A

granular volume

46
Q

VOLUME of material with VOIDS (intra-and inter-)

A

bulk volume

47
Q

formula for void volume

A

void volume = bulk volume - true volume

48
Q

density of material itself EXclusive of inter- and intraparticular voids

A

true density

49
Q

density of material itself including intraparticular voids

A

granular density

50
Q

density of material itself INclusive of inter- and intraparticular voids

A

bulk density

51
Q

Obtained after compaction by tapping or vibration

A

tapped density

52
Q

another name for tapped density

A

compressed bulk density

53
Q

Mechanical tapping is achieved by raising the cylinder and allowing it to drop under its own weight

A

determination of tapped density

54
Q

method I in determination of bulk density

A

graduated cylinder method

55
Q

formula for tapped density?

A

𝝆𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 = π’ˆπ’”π’‚π’Žπ’‘π’π’† / π’Žπ‘³π’•π’‚π’‘π’‘π’†π’…

56
Q

method II in determination of bulk density?

A

scott volumeter

57
Q

Carr reported that the more a material is compacted in a compaction or tap bulk density test, the poorer are its flow properties.

A

compressibility (carr’s) index

58
Q

formula for compressibility (carr’s) index?

A

π‘ͺ.𝑰.= (𝝆𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 βˆ’π†π’ƒπ’–π’π’Œ / 𝝆𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅) 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎

59
Q

(scale of flowability) < 10

60
Q

(scale of flowability) 11 - 15

61
Q

(scale of flowability) 16 - 20

62
Q

(scale of flowability) 21 - 25

63
Q

(scale of flowability) 26 - 31

64
Q

(scale of flowability) 32 - 37

65
Q

(scale of flowability) > 38

A

very, very poor

66
Q

A measure of the air spaces or voids in a
material

67
Q

unit of measurement for porosity

A

(𝜺) β†’β€π’†π’‘π’”π’Šπ’π’π’β€

68
Q

formula for porosity (𝜺)

A

(𝜺) = (πŸβˆ’(π†π’ƒπ’–π’π’Œ / 𝝆𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆)) 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎

69
Q

(sample) starch

70
Q

(sample) citric acid

71
Q

(sample) talc

72
Q

(sample) activated carbon

Physical Pharmacy Laboratory (4 decks)

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