Microbiology Word Associations Flashcards
no cell wall, no nucleus, no ribosome, DNA or RNA
Virus
Peptidoglycan wall, single chromosome, 70S ribosome
bacteria
chetin wall, ergosterol membrane, 80S ribosome, nucleus
Fungus
sterol membrane, no chitin wall 80S ribosome, nucleus
Parasite
ability to cause disease
pathogenicity
ability to cause serious disease
virulence
hospital acquired infection
nosocomial
part of the normal flora
commensal
ability of two dissimilar living together
symbiosis
both organisms need each other to function
synergism
lag, log, stationary and death
bacterial growth phases
phase of exponential growth
log phase
heat, irradiation, antimicrobial chemicals, antibiotics
factors which affect bacterial growth
Host, agent, and environment
disease triangle
all viruses are RNA except 7 HHHAPPPy ones which are
DNA
3 DNA viruses are enveloped
HepaDNA, Herpes and pox
3 DNA viruses are naked
papilloma, adeno, and polyoma
1 DNA virus is single stranded
Parvo B19
all RNA viruses are single stranded EXCEPT
rota virus of the REO virus family
all RNA single stranded viruses are + EXCEPT 6
6 Fabulous PROfessionals
Paramyxo, rhabdo, orthomyxo, filo, arena, bunya
negative sense RNA viruses
all hepatitis viruses are RNA except
hepatitis B (hepaDNA group)
all hepatitis viruses are spread by the orofecal route except
hepatitis B and C (sex and blood)
single stranded retro virus
human immune deficiency virus
all ARBO viruses are flavi EXCEPT
California encephalitis (Bunya virus)
Parotitis, pancreatitis and painful orchitis
paramyxovirus
common cold with runny nose and sore throat
corona virus
hand, foot, and mouth lesions
coxackie virus
bacteria without cell walls
mycoplasma
obligate intracellular parasites
chlamydia, rickettsiae, coxiella
flexible bacteria
borrelia, leptospira and treponema
gram stain resistant bacillus-ziehl nelson staining
mycobacteria
infection in bird keepers
chlamydia psittaci
most common preventable cause of blindness in africa
chlamydia trachomatis types A, B, and C
conjunctivitis, urethritis, and arthritis
chlamydia trachomatis types D-K
sign of the groove
chlamydia type L
Q fever
coxiella burnetti
lone star tick
ehrlichia chaffeensis
hemorrhagic disease spread by urine from infected rats
leprospira interogans
painless hard penile ulcer
syphilis
lung infection in wool sorters
bacillus anthracis
rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis
streptococcus pyogenes
infects previously damaged heart valves
streptococcus viridans
infects previously healthy hearts
staphylococcus aureus
lockjaw (trismus)
clostridium tetani
transmitted by contaminated honey and causes paralysis
clostridium botulinim
muscles necrosis with gas formation
clostridium, perfringens
grey peudomembrane in the throat
corynebacterium diphtheriae
paroxysmal bouts of coughing with a whoop in a child
bordetella pertussis
fever from handling infected rabbit skin
francisella tularensis
lung infection from infected air conditioners
legionella pneumophila
infected burns with blue green burns
pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative coccus which ferments glucose
Neisseria gonorrhea
gram negative coccus which ferments maltose
Neisseria meningitidis
causes severe diarrhea with rice water stool
vibrio cholera
causes peptic ulcer and some forms of stomach cancer
helicobacter pylori
gram resistant bacteria with thick waxy oil
mycobacterium tuberculosis
commonest cause of urinary tract infections
Escherichia coli
causes of hemolytic uremic syndrome
e. coli subtype O157 H7
causes rose-coloured spots and step-ladder fever
salmonella typhi
fatal encephalitis in warm waters
naegleria fowleri
diarrhea more common in hikers
giardia lamblia
causes megaoesophagus and spread by sand fly bites
trypansoma cruzi
sleeping sickness spread by tsetse fly bites
trypansoma gambiense
frothy vaginal discharge caused by flagellate protozoan
trichomonas vaginitis
recurrent or chronic diarrhea in immune compromised
cryptosporidium parvum
most deadly form of malaria
plasmodium falciparum
intestinal parasite associated with iron deficiency
necator americanus
most common intestinal nematode in the USA
enterobius vermicularis
associated with rectal prolapse
trichuris trichuria
river blindness spread by the simulium blackfly
onchocerca volvulus
elephantiasis spread by celux filariasis
wuchereria bancrofti
intestinal parasite associated with vitamin B12 deficiemcy
diphyllobothrium latum
bladder parasite causing blood in the urine
sichstosoma hematobium
spread by eating undercooked contaminated beef
taenia saginatum
smallest tapeworm
hymenolepis nana
largest tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum
ames test
mutagenic potential
armadillo
mycobacterium leprae
ascoli test
anthrax
ASOT( anti-streptolysin O titer)
recent streptococcal infection
bordet-gegbou medium
bordetella pertussis
catalase test
staphylococcus (+) from streptococcus (-)
chocolate agar
Neisseria and hemophilus
coagulase test
staphylococcus aureus from staph
coombs test
hemolytic anemia
darkfield microscopy
syphilis
dick test
scarlet fever
eaton agar
mycoplasma pneumoniae
ELISA
HIV and lyme
FTA-Abs
syphilis
heaf skin test
tuberculosis
hektoen agar
salmonella
indian ink stain
Cryptococcus neoformans
kviem skin test
sarcoidosis
Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium
mycobacterium tuberculosis
macconkey agar
promotes growth of gram negative rods
mantoux skin test
tuberculosis
middlebrook culture medium
tuberculosis
mitsuda test
mycobacterium leprae
paul bunnel test
mononucleosis
regan-lowe agar
bordetella pertussis
quelling reaction
bacteria with capsule-strep pneumoniae
sabouraud medium
fungal organisms
schick test
corynebacterium diphtheria
Schultz carlton reaction
scarlet fever
telluritie agar
corynebacterium diphtheria
Thayer-martin medium
Neisseria organisms
thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose
vibrio cholera
tine skin test
tuberculosis
VDRL test
syphilis
weil-felix test
rickettsiae
wood’s light
fungal organisms
spaghetti and meatball appearance
malassezia furfur
rose gardener
sporothrix schenckii
ohio valley fever
histoplasma capsulatum
san Joaquin valley fever
coccidioides immitis
spokes of a wheel appearance
paracoccidoides brasiliensis
decaying vegetation
aspergillus fumigatus
wright-giemsa stain
parasites and syphilis
spread by bat droppings
histoplasma capsultum
causes meningitis spread by pigeon poop
Cryptococcus neoformans
causes pneumonia in an immune compromised patient
pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)
ziehl nelson stain
mycobacterium tuberculosis
percentage of true positive
sensitivity
percentage of true negative
specificity
used to exclude a disease if test is negative (snOUT)
sensitivity
used to include a diagnosis if test is positive (spIN)
specificity
sudden increase in the number with a disease locally
epidemic
normal occurrence of a disease in a particular locality
endemic
sudden increase in the number with a disease worldwide
pandemic
number of people with the diease at a given time
prevalence
number of new cases in the population at a given time
incidence
number of people who die from a particular disease
mortality rate
number of people who have a particular disease
morbidity rate
epidemiology or disease triangle
host, agent (microbe) and environment
antigenic shift (virus), spores (bacteria/fungus) cysts (protozoa
microbial adaptations
disease that has newly appeared
emerging disease
previously known disease that has increased or spread
re-emerging disease
bacteria and fungi form spores and protozoa form cysts
pathogen adaptations to environment
viral adaptation to the environment and host
antigenic shift
exposure of milk to progressively higher temperatures
pasturization
use of chemicals or very high heat to destroy all life
sterilization
use of chemicals to destroy most pathogens
disinfection
allows water to pass through pores of different sizes
filtration
use of aluminum to precipitate material from water
flocculation
allows to precipitate
sedimentation
adds anaerobic bacteria to break down organic matter
sludge digestion
allows water to pass through sand
sand filtration
passes oxygen through to kill anaerobic bacteria
aeration
addition of chlorine to kill all remaining micro-organisms
chlorination
anedotes, case study, case control, cohort study or RCT
hierarchy of evidence
describes and interprets an individual case
case study
comparing outcomes of those with and without a disease
case control study
follows samples prospectively with respect to disease
cohort study
random allocation to experimental or control grouop
randomized clinical trial
combines all outcomes and summarizes the findings
systematic review
subset of systematic review focused on one conclusion
meta-analysis
inspection of meat and milk
US department of agriculture
drug and cosmetic quality and health product advertisement
food and drug administration
disease surveillance and restaurant inspection
department of public health
monitors air and water quality
environmental protection agency
monitors workplace safety and hazardous material disposal
occupational safety health admin
epidemiological research and health statistics
centres for disease control
oversees health care to the underserved
health services administration
oversees funding for disease research
national institutes of health
recent emerging disease spread by infected body fluids
ebola
spirochete spread by the vector lxodes scapularis
lyme disease
emerging disease spread by fluids from infected rats
hantavirus infection
spread by working with infected birds
severe acute respiratory syndrome
spread by working with infected pigs
H1N1 influenza
emerging disease spread by contact with infected camels
middle east respiratory syndrome
kills more people in the USA than AIDS
methicillin resistant staph. aureus
