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Microbiology > Microbiology: Tools of the Laboratory Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Microbiology: Tools of the Laboratory Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Magnification

A

ability to enlarge objects

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2
Q

Resolving Power

A

ability to show detail

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3
Q

Total magnification

A

of the final image is a product of the separate magnifying powers of the two lenses.

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4
Q

Bight-Field

A

most wisely used; specimen is darker than surrounding field; used for live and preserved stained specimens.

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5
Q

Dark-Field

A

Brightly illuminated specimens surrounded by dark field; used for live and unstained specimens.

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6
Q

The ability to distinguish between two separate adjacent objects is

A

resolution

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7
Q

Phase-Contrast

A

transforms subtle changes in light waves passing through the specimen into differences in light intensity, best for observing intracellular structures.

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8
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

Transmit electron through the specimen. Darker areas represent thicker, denser parts and lighter areas indicate more transparent, less dense parts.

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9
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

Provide details three-dimensional view. SEM bombards surface of a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons while scanning back and forth over it.

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10
Q

Wet Mounts

A

allow examination of characteristics of live cells: size, motility, shape, and arrangement.

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11
Q

Fixed Mounts

A

are made by drying and heating a film of specimen.

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12
Q

Basic Dyes

A

Cationic, positively charged chromophere.

Such as; Methylene blue, brilliant green, and Safranin

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13
Q

Positive Staining

A

Surfaces of microbes are negatively charged and attract basic dyes

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14
Q

Acidic Dyes

A

Anionic, negatively charges chromophore.

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15
Q

Negative Staining

A

microbe repels dye, the dye stains the background.

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16
Q

Simple Stains

A

One dye is used; reveals shape, size, and arrangement.

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17
Q

Differential Stains

A

use a primary stain and a counterstain to distinguish cell types or parts.
Such as; gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain.

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18
Q

Structural Stains

A

Reveal certain cell parts not revealed by conventional methods: capsule and flagellar stains.

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19
Q

What microscope is capable of getting an image of a Rotavirus?

A

Transmission Electron microscope.

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20
Q

What are the 6 I’s of Culturing Microbes?

A 
inoculation
isolation
incubation
inspection
information gathering
identification
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21
Q

what does a Colony consist of?

A

one species

22
Q

What are three isolation techniques?

A

streak plate
pour plate
Spread plate

23
Q

Pure culture means?

A

a single species growing in a container

24
Q

Mixed culture means?

A

Multiple species growing in a container

25
Q

Contaminates are?

A

unknown or unwanted microbes in culture

26
Q

what are some ways to identify a microbe?

A

cell and colony morphology or staining
DNS sequence
Biochemical testing
Immunological testing

27
Q

What is a steak plate used for?

A

isolation

28
Q

What is a pour plate used for?

A

isolation and numeration

29
Q

what is a spread plate used for?

A

isolation and numeration

30
Q

What are the three types of media?

A

Physical
chemical composition
functional type

31
Q

what are three states of physical media?

A

Solid
semisolid
liquid

32
Q

what % of Agar is in a solid media?

A

1.5%

33
Q

what percent of agar is in a Semisolid media?

A

.35%

34
Q

Hemolysis

A

cutting or breaking down of cells

35
Q

Describe alpha hemolysis.

A

greening, partial lysis of Red Blood cell

36
Q

describe Beta hemolysis

A

complete lysis of the red blood cell

37
Q

describe gamma hemolysis

A

no lysis of the red blood cell

38
Q

Describe Synthetic chemical Media.

A

contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula.

39
Q

Describe Complex chemical media.

A

contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable

40
Q

describe general Purpose media.

A

Grows a broad range of microbes, usually nonsynthetic

41
Q

describe enriched chemical media

A

contains complex organic substances such as blood, serum, hemoglobin, or special growth factors required by fastidious microbes.

42
Q

Nutrient Broth

A

Liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone

43
Q

nutrient agar

A

solid media containing beef extract, peptone, and agar.

44
Q

Selective Media

A

contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of some microbes and encourage growth of the desired microbes.

45
Q

Differential Media

A

Allows growth of several types of microbes and displays visible differences among those microbes.

46
Q

Reducing medium

A

contains a substance that absorbs oxygen or slows penetration of oxygen into medium; used for growing anaerobic bacteria.

47
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

Doesn’t care if it has oxygen to grow or not.

47
Q

carbohydrate Fermentation Medium

A

contains sugars that can be fermented, converted to acids, and a pH indicator to show this reaction.

48
Q

Anaerobe

A

Doesn’t like oxygen to grow

49
Q

Aerobic

A

Likes oxygen to grow.

50
Q

Strict aerobe

A

Must have oxygen to grow

Microbiology (3 decks)

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