Microbiology: The Final Jam. This is serious. Don't walk away. Flashcards
Hugh-Leifson OF media is used to _____.
What would the results of the following look like?
- Oxidation only
- Fermentation only
- Fermentation or possible fermentation *and* oxidation
- Assacharolytic organisms
Find if unknown metabolizes carbohydrates oxidatively, through fermentation, or is asaccharolytic.
Results:
- Acid production in open tube.
- Acid production in closed tube.
- Acid in both open and closed tube.
- No acid production in either of the two tubes
Discolored teeth in children under 8 years of age may be an effect of this antibiotic.
- Is this an NSA or BSA?
- What does this antibiotic inhibit?
Tetracycline:
- BSA
- Protein synthesis
- Chocolate and Brucella are ideal media for recovery of what organism?
- What are the O2 requirements of this organism?
- What does this organism induce?
- Helicobacter
- Microaerophilic
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Chronic shallow ulcerations of the mucosa in any portion of the GI exposed to HCl
The peptone (protein derivatives) concentration in Hugh-Leifson OF media is _____.
Decreased
- Vibrio spp. is a lactose _____.
- What are the morbidity and mortality rates of Vibrio cholerae?
- What is the hemolytic pattern of Vibrio?
- Vibrio is NLF except V. vulnificus (which is LF).
- 3 to 5 million cases and 100,000 deaths per year.
- Possibly beta.
Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Chromobacterium (AVC) are Mac _____.
Positive
The HACEK group is composed of
- Aggregatibacter (Haemophilus) aprophilius
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
- Cardiobacterium hominis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Kingella spp.
Antagonistic
Synergistic
When the result of using 2 drugs together is significantly less when used individually.
When the result of using 2 drugs together is significantly more when used individually.
What is special about Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s plate morphology?
What type of flagella does P aeruginosa have?
Does and doesn’t appear mucoid
Polar monotrichous
P aeruginosa can be treated with aminoglycosides and _____.
For Chromobacterium violaceum Penicillin activity is _____ and Cefotaxime is _____.
Bacteriostatic antibiotics that do not affect Gram negative organisms
ESPs Carbapenems Quinolones
Variable Effective
Macrolides
Gram stain Aeromonas
Straight Gram-negative rods with rounded ends.
Possibly coccobacilli.
- Methicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin are _____.
- Paenibacillus polymyxa produces _____.
- Pyorubin color is _____.
- Penicillins
- Polymixins
- Rust (Red Maroon)
Two antibiotics of cell membrane function.
Inhibitors of cell membrane function are more effective against _____.
T or F: All antimicrobials are antibiotics
T or F: All antibiotics are antimicrobials
Polymyxin B and Colistin
Gram-negative bacteria
False
True
What are four examples of broad spectrum antibiotics?
What might two treatments be for Vibrio vulnificans?
Tetracyclines, Phenicols, Flouroquines, 3rd and 4th-gen cephalosporins
Doxycycline and ceftazidime
Campy-CVA contains these 3 antibiotics
Cefoperazone, Vancomycin, Amphotericin B
What is TCBS?
What is its purpose?
Thiosulfate Citrate Bile-salts Sucrose
TCBS is a selective media for Vibrio spp.
Broad spectrum antibiotics (BSAs) include _____ (4).
Tetracyclines
Phenicols
Flouroquines
3rd and 4th-gen cephalosporins
Presumptive ID of Campylobacter includes _____ colonies on selective media. These colonies are also _____.
Doxycycline and ceftazidime
Gray to pink to yellow gray
Mucoid appearing
Treatment of V. vulnificans
Modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (CCDA)
Blood is replaced by charcoal, Fe-sulfate, and Na-Pyruvate. This combination is thought to improve aerotolerance of campylobacter
Kingella spp differ from Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that they are _____.
- Catalase negative
- Superoxol negative
- Nitrate positive.
Vibrio colony morphology
Medium to large, smooth, opaque. Greenish hue on SBAP.
Possibly beta hemolytic
VREs should be treated with _____ and _____.
What two antibiotic types can aminoglycosides be combined with to improve pt outcome? Name an example of each.
Streptogramins and oxazolidones
Beta lactams or glycopeptides. Pipericillin, Vancomycin.
Sulfonamides are a BSA that does not work against the species _____.
What are three major pathologies of Campylobacter
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathologies of Campylobacter include:
- Febrile systemic disease
- Periodontal disease
- Gastroenteritis (C. jujuni. C. coli)
What type of antibiotic are aminoglycosides and sulfonamides?
NSAs effective against aerobic bacteria
Three antibiotics that inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis.
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Rifampin
Oral antibiotics (doxycycline) and intravenous (ceftazidime) are treatments to what?
Meliodosis
Yellow-pigmented glucose oxidizer. Growth on MAC (NLF) Oxidase +
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
- These microaerophilic GNB are fastidious and asaccharolytic
- This microorganism is associated with wound infections, septicemia with low BP and septic shock (esp. in patients with liver diseases).
- Campylobacter and Arcobacter
- Vibrio vulnificans
- Two very important oxidase positive, non-fermentative GNB are _____.
- What is special about Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas?
- Pseudomonas and Burkholderia
- Oxidase negative GNF
Bacteriostatic inhibitors of protein synthesis (2)
Macrolides and Chloramphenicol
- Phenylethyl alcohol agar selects for
- PEA inhibits the growth of
- G+ organisms have a _____ wall that contains _____ acids.
- Haemophilus O2 requirements
- Haemophilus preferred agar is ______
- Haemophilus _____ requires sterile gauze, saline, and cotton swab yo collect.
- Capnophilic
- Chocolate
- ducreyi
- G+ cocci
- G- bacilli
- Thick, teichoic
What is contained in Modified Thayer-Martin media?
- Chocolate agar base (Hgb)
- Vancomycin
- Colistin
- Nystatin
- Trimethoprim lactate*
*Not in regular Thayer Martin
This prevents O2 from easily diffusing to bottom of tube
Group B strep is selected for in this broth
Swarming of Proteus is inhibited by this agar
Thioglycolic acid
LIM broth
PEA
The three primary purposes of bacterial cultivation are … ?
- To grow and isolate all bacteria present in a clinical specimen
- Determine which bacteria are causing illness, which are contaminants, and which are normal flora
- Obtain significant growth for identification
- Proper incubation for Neisseria meningitidis, gonorrhoeae, and Moraxella catarrhalis
- Gram-negative coccobacilli has an odor that can best be described as _____.
- SBAP* and Chocolate (*Except Ng). Increased CO2 and humidity
- Mousy
- What is LIM Broth?
- What is hippurate hydrolysis? What are some examples of bacteria this test is positive for.
- LIM is a selective enrichment broth for Group B Streptococci. It is prepared from Todd Hewitt broth.
- Used for both G+/G- bacteria producing Hippuricase.
- S agalactiae
- Gardnerella vaginalis
- Campylobacter jejuni
How is Erlichia transmitted?
E. chaffeensis is transmitted by
- Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum).
- Believed to be different than STARI
- Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness
Tick needs to be attached to human skin for 24 hours to transmit the bacteria.
Dogs, cats may serve as reservoirs
Merck Manual
Pathology of C trachomatis in humans (the only natural habitat of this organism) includes _____.
- Trachoma-ocular eye infection causing blindness
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
- Genital infections (urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, epididymitis)
What are 5 lactose fermenters?
What are the two lactose fermentation enzymes?
Lactose fermenters (requiring permease and beta-galactosidase):
- Proteus
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Seratia marcescens
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- H. ducreyi growth time, conditions, and agar(s).
- What is X-Factor? What is V-Factor?
- What are the four primary enterobacteriaceae spp?
- Which enterobacteriaceae is catalase positive?
-
Haemophilus ducreyi
- 7 days
- High humidity
- Mueller Hinton agar OR Heart Infusion agar
- Protoporphyrin IX, NAD
- E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia
- Shigella dysenteriae
Pathway in which glucose is degraded
3 Gram-positive bacilli spp
Embden Meyerhoff Pathway
Bacillus Corynebacterium Listeria
Endospore advantages
Resistant to heat/drying/extreme conditions
3 Important GNCB
Haemophilus
Legionella
Bordatella
Treatment for Bacillus pertussis
(3 antibiotics)
Macrolides
- azithromycin
- erythromycin
- clarithromycin
What are the contents of TSI agar?
- Glucose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Phenyl Red (pH indicator)
Catalase negative gram-positive bacilli
Erisopelothrix rhusiopathiae
Enterobacteriaceae on SBAP or Chocolate
Large gray smooth colonies
What differentiates both Proteus species?
P. mirabilis: Indole-
P. vulgaris: Indole+
