Microbiology- Systems Flashcards
Normal flora: dominant
Skin Nose Oropharynx Dental plaque Colon Vagina
S epidermidis
S epidermidis; colonized by S aureus
Viridans group streptococci
S mutans
B fragilis > E coli
Lactobacillus; colonized by E coli and group B strep
Bugs causing foodborne illness
B cereus C botulinum C perfringens E coli O157:H7 L monocytogenes Salmonella S aureus V parahaemolyticus and V vulnificus
Bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter E histolytica Enterohemorrhagic Ecoli Enteroinvasive E coli Salmonella (nontyphoidal) Shigella Y enterocolitica
Watery diarrhea
C difficile C perfringens Enterotoxigenic E coli Protozoa V cholerae Viruses (Rotavirus, norovirus, enteric adenovirus)
Common causes of pneumonia
Children (4 weeks - 18 years)
“Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum”
Viruses (RSV) Mycoplasma C trachomatis (infants–3 yr) C pneumoniae (school-aged children) S pneumoniae
Common causes of pneumonia
Adults (18 - 40 years)
Mycoplasma
C pneumoniae
S pneumoniae
Viruses (eg, influenza)
Common causes of pneumonia
Adults (18 - 40 years)
Mycoplasma
C pneumoniae
S pneumoniae
Viruses (eg, influenza)
Common causes of pneumonia
Adults (40 - 60 years)
S pneumoniae H influenzae Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma
Common causes of pneumonia
Adults (more than 60 years)
S pneumoniae Influenza virus Anaerobes H influenzae Gram ⊝ rods
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Alcoholic
Klebsiella, anaerobes usually due to aspiration (eg, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium, Prevotella,
Bacteroides)
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
- IV drug users
- Aspiration
- S pneumoniae, S aureus
- Anaerobes
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Atypical
Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, Legionella, viruses (RSV, CMV, influenza, adenovirus)
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas, S aureus, S pneumoniae, Burkholderia cepacia
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Immunocompromised
S aureus, enteric gram ⊝ rods, fungi, viruses, P jirovecii (with HIV).
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Nosocomial (hospital acquired)
S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram ⊝ rods
Common causes of pneumonia (Special groups)
Postviral
S pneumoniae, S aureus, H influenzae
Common causes of meningitis
- newborn (0- 6months)
- Children (6months- 6 years)
- 6-60 years
- +60 years
- Group B streptococci, E coli, Listeria
- S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, H influenzae type b
Enteroviruses - S pneumoniae, N meningitidis (#1 in teens), Enteroviruses, HSV
S pneumoniae, Gram ⊝ rods, Listeria
Viral causes of meningitis:
enteroviruses (especially coxsackievirus), HSV-2 (HSV-1 = encephalitis), HIV, West Nile virus (also causes encephalitis), VZV.