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NDSU > Microbiology Lab Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Microbiology Lab Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the final electron receptors of aerobic production?

A

oxygen

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2
Q

what are the final electron receptors of fermentation?

A

organic molecule like pyruvate

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3
Q

what are the final electron receptors of anaerobic production?

A

inorganic molecule- nitrate reduction

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4
Q

what is undergone when nitrate is reduced to nitrite?

A

nitrate reduction

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5
Q

in sugar broths with bromescol purple, what does it mean when they change to yellow?

A

positive reaction- acid detection

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6
Q

in sugar broths with bromescol purple, what does it mean when they change to half yellow?

A

bacteria partially fermented the sugar

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7
Q

what does a bubble in the Durham tube mean?

A

gas production

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8
Q

what is the breakdown of energy called?

A

catabolism

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9
Q

what is the creation of energy called?

A

anabolism

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10
Q

what are exoenzymes (extracellular enzymes)?

A

zones of clearing around the growth

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11
Q

what are the exoenzymes in the breakdown of starch?

A

amylase

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12
Q

what are the exoenzymes in the breakdown of casein?

A

caseinase

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13
Q

do you have to add a reagent to starch or casein before reading the result?

A

starch- lugol’s iodine
casein- no reagent

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14
Q

hemolysis on blood agar is what?

A

breakdown of red blood cells to make them visible on a plate

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15
Q

what is a zone of inhibition?

A

zone of clearing where no bacteria is grown

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16
Q

what is a resistant zone?

A

no zone of inhibition observed, bacteria grows up to disk

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17
Q

what is a sensitive zone?

A

area of clearing around the disk where no growth of bacteria is

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18
Q

what is a susceptible zone?

A

zones of inhibition are observed and bacteria is killed

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19
Q

what is a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

A

effective against both gram positive and gram negative tetracycline

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20
Q

what are coliforms?

A

they are gram negative, no spores, rod shaped bacterium, and ferments lactose to acid and gas

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21
Q

how would you determine if you have a coliform in a water source?

A

perform the presumptive test, confirmed test, and completed test

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22
Q

what are the steps for the presumptive test? and what does a positive test look like

A

color is yellow and there is gas in the durham tube

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23
Q

what are the steps of the confirmed test? and what does a positive test look like

A

growth is pink nucleated colonies or shiny black or green colonies

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24
Q

what are the steps of the completed test? and what does a positive test look like

A

yellow in color and gas in durham tube, gram stained bacteria would be pink, rod shaped, and no spores

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25
what is EMB agar used for?
confirmed test of water testing- differential and selective (gram negative bacteria) media
26
what does EMB agar look like for coliforms?
often dark and shiny
27
what does EMB agar look like for E. coli?
Metallic green
28
what part of the EMB test is lactose used in?
differential
29
when the presumptive, confirmed, and completed test indicate that coliforms are present in the water source, you do no know if it is a fecal or non-fecal coliform. further testing must be done to differentiate between those types of coliforms called?
IMViC- Indole Production, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, Citrate
30
what is the IMViC test?
a series of test to determine of a bacteria is a fecal coliform or a non fecal coliform
31
what are the positives and negatives for each part of the IMViC test?
I- positive red strip; negative yellow strip M- positive red broth; negative orange broth Vi- positive red broth; negative no color C- positive blue agar; negative green agar
32
what does each test detect in the IMViC test?
I- indole production M- methyl red Vi- voges proskauer C- citrate
33
what are the reagents used for each test in the IMViC test?
I- Kovac's reagent M- methyl red reagent Vi- alpha-naphthol and KOH C- no reagents
34
what is the IMViC result for a fecal coliform? and an example?
E.coli I(+) M(+) V(-) C(-)
35
what is the IMViC result for a non-fecal coliform? and an example?
K. aerogenes I(-) M(-) V(+) C(+)
36
what are the differences between viruses, funguses, and bacteria?
virus- small bacteria- single celled fungus- multicellular
37
what is the purpose of a plate count?
to estimate the number of microorganisms in a given sample
38
what is the acceptable number of colonies to count?
25-250
39
if you count 58 colonies on a plate that is diluted to 10^-7, what is the CFU/mL?
5.8 x 10^8
40
dilution factor is?
inverse of dilution
41
dilution has a ____ exponent?
negative
42
if you have 1200000 CFU/mL, how far would you need to dilute the sample to get a countable plate?
10^-4
43
if you have 5 grams of meat (dilute or sample) added to 30 mL of water, what would the dilution be?
10^-6
44
why do we use sugar tubes?
used to determine carbohydrate fermentation and metabolism
45
In a positive presumptive test for coliforms, lactose tubes must have?
both acid and gas to indicate lactose fermentation
46
what can be determined using the nitrate reduction test?
anaerobic respiration
47
ATP production of nitrate reduction most to least
Aerobic respiration (most), Anaerobic respiration (middle), fermentation (least)
48
what are the reagents of nitrate reduction?
sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphythylamine
49
why do we do dilutions?
lower the concentration of a solution
50
what is dilution of the dilute 1/5?
10^-5
51
if your bacteria is positive for the nitrate test: what color will the tube turn and what type of metabolism is occurring?
red, anaerobic
52
what color is a positive reaction to a sugar fermentation tube?
yellow
53
what is the purpose of the durham tube?
collects gas from fermentation
54
what does a positive casein agar test mean?
the bacteria is able to break down casein
55
what does a positive test on casein agar look like?
clear halo around bacteria
56
what does a positive starch agar test mean?
the bacteria is able to break down starch
57
what does a positive test on starch look like?
yellow halo around bacteria, iodine on outside
58
drawing a plate with 2 disks of antimicrobial on it? one disk shows resistant bacteria and one disk shows sensitive bacteria
resistant- bacteria grown all throughout sensitive- area of clearing around the disk where bacteria was killed
59
what is the area of clearing called?
zone of inhibition
60
what is the antibiotic we used that is broad spectrum?
tetracycline
61
what makes that antibiotic broad spectrum?
effective against both gram positive and gram negative ex. mycoplasma and rickettsia sp
62
are gram negative or gram positive more sensitive to antimicrobials?
gram positive because they lack an outer member
63
Label these plates: 321, 70, 17
321- TNTC 70- countable 17- TFTC
64
penicillin
effective against gram positive- oral and injection
65
polymyxin B
effective against Pseudomonas sp.- topical use
66
tetracycline
effective against gram positive and gram negative- mycoplasma and rickettsia- oral or injection
67
formalin
effective against vegetative and spores- preservative for tissue, dissection, disinfection
68
lysol
effective against vegetative but not endospores- disinfectant
69
bleach
effective against vegetative but not endospores- disinfectant for water
70
scope
does not kill endospores or mycobacterium- sanitizer, disinfectant, mouthwash

NDSU (3 decks)

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