MICRO LAB 202 FINAL

Question 1

yeast asexually reproduce by?

Answer 1

budding

Question 2

nutrient broth is made with?

Answer 2

beef extract, peptones, distilled water

Question 3

what do you add to nutrient broth to make agar?

Answer 3

agar

Question 4

identify bacterial shape and arrangement

Answer 4

streptococcus- circular in line
staphylococcus- circular bunched together
streptobacillus- rod shaped in a line
spirochete- zig zag spiral

Question 5

what can be used to clean the objectives prior to putting your microscope away?

Answer 5

optical lens wipe (lab kit)

Question 6

microbial reduction methods

Answer 6

boiling, pasteurization, surface disinfection

Question 7

sterilization methods

Answer 7

autoclaving, dry-heat sterilization, filtration, radiation, gases

Question 8

this bacterium appears as a randomly arranged rod microscopically in ex 5

Answer 8

Escherichia coli

Question 9

what must be done to you air dried bacterial smears before staining to adhere the cells to the slide

Answer 9

heat fixing

Question 10

which of the following types of media is used to differentiate microbes based on physical appearance?

Answer 10

differential media

Question 11

what type of media has special characteristics to select which bacteria to grow on it?

Answer 11

selective media

Question 12

method used to obtain isolated colonies from a mixed culture

Answer 12

streak plate

Question 13

using the 10x objective, the total magnification of a cell is

Answer 13

100x

Question 14

t or f: it is acceptable to put contaminated glass in the red incinerator cartons (found under the gloves)

Answer 14

false

Question 15

bacterial cells divide, multiply, and form a visible

Answer 15

colony

Question 16

why do we incubate plates inverted

Answer 16

to prevent condensation from forming on the lid and dripping onto our cultures

Question 17

the gram stain and acid fast stain are considered

Answer 17

simple stains

Question 18

up to 25 percent of the population are ____ for Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 18

carriers

Question 19

glucose broth temperatures and classification

Answer 19

15: psychrophiles, 37: mesophiles, 55: thermophiles

Question 20

ATP production of nitrate reduction most to least

Answer 20

aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, fermentation

Question 21

gram stain positive and negative colors

Answer 21

positive- purple
negative- pink

Question 22

the gram stain reagents

Answer 22

crystal violet, iodine, ethyl alcohol, safranin

Question 23

which is an acid-fast bacteria

Answer 23

mycobacterium

Question 24

in the acid fast stain, what is the primary stain and mordant

Answer 24

carbol fuchsin and time

Question 25

how do most bacteria reproduce

Answer 25

binary fission

Question 26

what non-ionizing radiation did we use in class

Answer 26

ultraviolet

Question 27

what two lights are used to control growth

Answer 27

ultraviolet and infared

Question 28

what damages the cell

Answer 28

photooxidation

Question 29

what repairs the cell

Answer 29

photoreactivation

Question 30

the cell wall of a gram positive bacterium is rich in

Answer 30

peptidoglycan

Question 31

acid fast stain gram positive and negative colors

Answer 31

positive: red negative: blue

Question 32

this differential and selective media is used when isolating Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 32

Mannitol Salt Agar

Question 33

what help create antibiotic resistance?

Answer 33

random mutations, used to treat viral infections (unnecessary use), overuse of antibiotics

Question 34

in the gram stain, which one of the following is the primary stain?

Answer 34

crystal violet

Question 35

the acid fast stain can be used to identify microbes that belong to the genus

Answer 35

Mycobacterium

Question 36

what is the purpose of the acid fast stain

Answer 36

to distinguish between acid fast and non acid fast

Question 37

the ability to completely lyse red blood cells is known as

Answer 37

beta hemolysis

Question 38

obligate aerobes require what to grow

Answer 38

oxygen

Question 39

staphylococcus aureus is a

Answer 39

gram positive cocci

Question 40

in exercise 10, we innoculated Serratia marcescens onto agar plates containing streptomycin, an antibiotic that normally kills this bacteria. however, due to _____, a very small minority of the bacteria did survive and grow

Answer 40

mutation-acquired antibiotic resistance

Question 41

which one of these microorganisms will grow at 55 degrees celsius?

Answer 41

Bacillus stearothermophilus

Question 42

cells that have no net movement of water in this type of solution (it does provide an excellent environment for bacterial growth)

Answer 42

isotonic

Question 43

the gram stain differentiates between bacteria based on the composition of their:

Answer 43

cell wall

Question 44

bacteria that grow on plates with antibiotics are considered

Answer 44

resistant

Question 45

in what type of solution does plasmolysis occur?

Answer 45

hypertonic

Question 46

what does the gram stain reveal about a bacteria

Answer 46

its cell shape, cell arrangement, and cell wall structure

Question 47

what bacteria will grow on the NAS plate?

Answer 47

resistant

Question 48

oxygen effects results

Answer 48

obligate aerobe- top facultative anaerobe- throughout obligate anaerobe- bottom

Question 49

blood agar is what type of media

Answer 49

differential media

Question 50

MSA and EMB is what type of media

Answer 50

selective and differential media

Question 51

beta hemolysis

Answer 51

complete hemolysis- big yellow

Question 52

alpha hemolysis

Answer 52

partial hemolysis- smaller green

Question 53

gamma hemolysis

Answer 53

no hemolysis- no growth

Question 54

what are the final electron receptors of aerobic production

Answer 54

oxygen

Question 55

what are the final electron receptors of fermentation

Answer 55

organic molecule like pyruvate

Question 56

what are the final electron receptors of anaerobic production

Answer 56

inorganic molecule- nitrate reduction

Question 57

bacteria normally found in the human intestinal tract that are used as indicators of fecal contamination in water are called

Answer 57

coliforms

Question 58

this type of antibiotic works against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Answer 58

broad spectrum

Question 59

the bigger the zone of inhibition, the more ____ the bacteria is to that chemical

Answer 59

sensitive

Question 60

antimicrobials that kill bacteria are called

Answer 60

cidal

Question 61

chemicals that inhibit the growth of microbes

Answer 61

static

Question 62

what is the zone of inhibition

Answer 62

zone of clearing where no bacteria is grown

Question 63

what is a broad spectrum antibiotic

Answer 63

tetracycline

Question 64

coliforms

Answer 64

gram negative, no spores, rod shaped bacteria, ferments lactose to acid and gas

Question 65

results of a positive presumptive test

Answer 65

yellow and bubble in durham tube

Question 66

positive test for the confirmed test

Answer 66

pink nucleated colonies or shiny black or green colonies

Question 67

what does EMB agar look like for e. coli

Answer 67

metallic green

Question 68

IMViC- classification and positive and negative tests

Answer 68

I- indole production- p: red ring on top n: yellow ring on top M- methyl red- p: red color throughout n: orange color throughout V- voges proskauer- p: red color throughout n: no color throughout C- citrate test- p: blue agar n: green agar

Question 69

IMViC results for fecal coliform

Answer 69

E. coli ++--

Question 70

IMViC results for non-fecal coliform

Answer 70

K. aerogenes --++

Question 71

if the bacteria is positive for nitrate test, what color will the tube turn and what type of metabolism is occurring?

Answer 71

red, anaerobic

Question 72

are gram-negative or gram-positive more sensitive to antimicrobials

Answer 72

gram positive

Question 73

are gram-negative or gram-positive more resistant to antimicrobials

Answer 73

gram-negative

Question 74

what is a virus that infects a bacterial host

Answer 74

bacteriophage

Question 75

what is the purpose of the IMViC test

Answer 75

to distinguish between fecal and nonfecal coliforms

Question 76

characteristics of extracellular enzymes

Answer 76

proteins produced by a microbe and released from the cell, proteins that degrade insoluble food sources into smaller units, and proteins produced by bacteria, molds, and yeasts

Question 77

sugar fermentation tubes contain small inverted vials (durham tubes) that are used to detect

Answer 77

gas production

Question 78

the purpose of serial dilutions is to

Answer 78

reduce concentration

Question 79

what type of enzyme would bacteria produce to break down large molecules such as starch or protein into smaller, soluble pieces?

Answer 79

extracellular enzyme

Question 80

the enzyme that breaks down starch is

Answer 80

amylase

Question 81

the enzyme that breaks down casein is

Answer 81

caseinase

Question 82

growth media needs to be

Answer 82

sterile in autoclave

Question 83

why are aseptic techniques used

Answer 83

to maintain a pure culture and reduce/eliminate contamination

Question 84

name four parts of the microscope

Answer 84

ocular lenses, objective lenses, stage, base

Question 85

to view bacterial cells under the microscope, you must prepare a ____ on a glass slide

Answer 85

smear

Question 86

in a simple stain what color do all cells stain

Answer 86

purple

Question 87

what does the environment look like in a cell of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic?

Answer 87

isotonic- equal inside and out hypotonic- more inside hypertonic- more outside

Question 88

a rapid detection method for differentiating fecal and nonfecal coliforms

Answer 88

MUG test

Question 89

what is the enzyme of the MUG test

Answer 89

glucuronidase

Question 90

what is the countable number of colonies

Answer 90

25-250

Question 91

what is present on agar plates as plaques

Answer 91

bacteriophage

Question 92

what can kill or inhibit other microbes in the environment

Answer 92

antibiosis

Question 93

would a gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria better resist antibiosis effects?

Answer 93

gram-negative

Question 94

what is an actinomycetes

Answer 94

bacterial group with mold like properties

Question 95

what is geosmin

Answer 95

soil smell

Question 96

characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 96

gram positive, highly resistant to antibiotics

Question 97

is blood agar selective or differential media

Answer 97

differential media

Question 98

what is hemolysis

Answer 98

the breakdown of blood cells to make them seen on a plate

Question 99

what is agglutination

Answer 99

test for presence of antibodies, binding of antigen to antibody causes clumping

Question 100

characteristic of positive agglutination

Answer 100

white spots in well

Question 101

what is a communicable disease

Answer 101

can be passed from person to person

Question 102

what is epidemiology

Answer 102

study of disease