Microbiology GI parasites Flashcards
1
Q
protozoa fall into what type of group
A
single celled eukaryotic
2
Q
metazoa fall into what type of group
A
multicelluar
3
Q
what is the protective measure for a protozoa
A
cyst form
4
Q
protozoans that do not have cysts have what mode of transmission
A
arthropod vector
5
Q
how do protozoa evade the immune system
A
via surface antigen variation
6
Q
parasite that causes amebiasis
A
entamoeba histolytic
7
Q
is a pseudopod forming protozoan
A
entamoeba histolytic
8
Q
pathogenesis of E. histolytica
A
induces apoptosis causing blood diarrhea and also can have extraintestinal abscesses in the liver, lungs, etc). the gastric acid stimulates excystation and necrosis from cytotoxin
9
Q
Entamoeba histolytic is associated with _______in the United States
A
camping
10
Q
mode of transmission for entamoeba histolytic
A
fecal oral (carrier state, cysts are passed in the stool)
11
Q
who are the at risk groups for E histolytic
A
travelers to endemic area (camping/hiking) immigrants, MSM, IC pts, institutionalized patients
12
Q
diagnostic stage
A
trophozoite and cyst in feces
13
Q
flask shape ulcers
A
E histolytica
14
Q
two diseases caused by E. histolytica
A
amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess
15
Q
PMN’s present in E histolytica infection ?
A
yes
16
Q
DOC for E histolytica invasive
A
metronidazole
17
Q
DOC for E histolytica for noninvasive
A
paromyocin
18
Q
pig reservoir
A
Balantidium coli
19
Q
outbreaks in US psychiatric hospitals
A
B coli
20
Q
DOC for B coli
A
tetracycline
21
Q
causes giardia
A
giardia lamblia
22
Q
reservoir for giardia lamblia
A
beavers and muskrats are reservoirs (streams and lakes)
23
Q
mode of transmission for giarddia
A
fecal oral from poor sanitation or contaminated drinking water; little person to person transmission
24
Q
who are at risk for giardia lamblia
A
travelers, children in day care centers, institutionalized, and homosexual men
25
flagellated pear shaped body
Giardia lamblia
26
pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia
infective stage
excyst in duodenum
multiplies by longutudinal binary fission--trophozoites on mucosa of duodenum
27
bilobed nucleus
giardia lamblia
28
malabsorption syndrome #1 cause
giardia
29
diarrhea of Giardia
watery diarrhea, foul smelling, stools are NOT bloody or contain pus
30
falling leaf motility
giardia
31
treatment for giardia
metronidazole
32
how do you prevent giardia
boil water and treat carriers (cysts can survive in chlorinated water)
33
cryptosporodiosis or crypto is caused by most offten
C parvum
34
what is the infectious form for crypto
oocyst
35
resistant to chlorination
crypto parvum and giardia
36
what age group is affected by C parvum
mainly children about 5 years of age
37
what disease is supposed to be lethal in AIDS patients
C parvum
38
What does C parvum infect
infects the intestinal epithelial cells
39
Diagnosis of C parvum
acid fast staining of stool
40
bouts of diarrhea, greater than 50 per day in AIDs pts
C parvum
41
what is the treatment for C parvum
replace fluids, electrolytes and give nitazoxanide for immunocompetent pts.
42
malabsorption syndrome in AIDS pts
Cystoisopora belli
43
reservoir for cystoisospora belli
humans
44
mode of transmission for cystoisospora
fecal oral transmission
45
diagnosis of C belli
iodine stained stool smears (oocysts found in feces, stain acid fast)
46
what is DOC for C belli
TMP-SMX
47
oval oocysts
C belli
48
round oocysts
Crypto
49
AIDS, malabsorption, and acid fast
C belli
50
rasperies from guatemala/ basil from mexico
cyclospora cayetanesis
51
flouresces blue under UV light
C cayetanesis
52
microsporidia
Obligate intracellular spore-forming protozoa
53
all parasites that are not protozoa are called
metazoa
54
trematodes are
flukes
55
cestodes are
tapeworms
56
nematodes are
roundworms
57
__________ingest host tissue and or fluids
helminths
58
what are the protective layers of helminths
tough external layer (cuticle), immune evasion (antigenic variation and secrete enzymes that destroy host cells
59
nematodes
intestinal round worms
60
most common helminth in the US
nematodes
61
pin worms
enterovius vermicularis
62
how are pin worms transmitted
fecal oral
63
eggs are sticky
pin worm
64
autoinfection
pin worm
65
nocturnal perianal itching
pinworm
66
what is the treatment for pinworm
pyrantel pamoate
67
what is treatment for family who has pin worm
albendazole
68
round worm
ascaris lumbricoides
69
largest intestinal nematode
ascaris lumbricoides
70
endemic to rural southeast
roundworm
71
pathogenesis of round worm
ingested embryonal egg with second stage larva migrates to liver, adults develop in lumen of small intestine
72
bolus can obstruct or perforate bowel
roundworms
73
treatment for DOC
albendazole
74
what do you give in patients who are pregnant with roundworm
pyrantel pamoate
75
knobby coated oval shaped bile stained eggs
round worm
76
trichuris trichiura
whipworm
77
southern appalachian range and dgulf coast states
whip worm
78
football shaped egg with plugged ends
whipworm
79
rectal prolapse
whipworm
80
bloody mucoid diarrhea
trichuris trichiura
81
found in moist warm climate
hookworm
82
travels through your foot
hookworm
83
maculopapular erruption that is localized
hookworm
84
hypochromic anemia
hookworm
85
mental retardation
hookworm
86
diagnosis of GI infection by hookworm
nonbile stained, segmented eggs in the stool, iron deficiency anemia
87
what is the treatment for hookworm
albendazole
88
ancylostoma braziliense
dog and cat hookworm where humans are the accidental host
89
loeffler syndrome
pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia
90
who are at risk for ancylostoma braziliense
children with sandboxes and beaches
91
treatment for anclystoma braziliene
ivermectin but not FDA approved
92
strongyloides stercoralis
threadworm
93
hyperinfection syndrome
threadworm larvae spread throughout the body seen in pts who are IC, on corticosteroid therapy, and transplant patients
94
treatment for threadworm
ivermectin is DOC
95
baermann funnel guaze method
thread worm
96
trichinosis
trichennela spiralis
97
pork, bear undercooked meat
trichonosis
98
where are the adults in trichinosis
duodenum and jejunum
99
larval form of trichinosis is found in
striated muscle
100
acute stage of trichinosis
inavde tissue, fever, myalgias, eosinophilias, and periobrital edema
101
treatment for trichinosis
bedrest, antipyretics and analgesics
102
encyststed larva worms
trichinosis
103
anisakiasis
anisakis simplex
104
roud worm of marine fish
anisakiasis
105
may mimic chron disease
anisakiasis
106
may resemble shellfish allergie
anisakiasis
107
severe eosinophilic granulamatous response if pass into bowel
anisakiasis
108
flat leaf shaped worms
flukes
109
all flukes have what type of intermediate
clam or snail
110
operculated eggs
flukes
111
giant intestinal fluke
fasciolopsis buski
112
water chestnuts
giant intestinal fluke
113
fluke that causes malabsorption syndrome with maladorous greasy stools
intestinal fluke
114
treatment for intestinal fluke
praziquantel
115
fasciola hepatica
sheep liver fluke
116
clonorchis sinensis
chinese liver fluke
117
contaminated water plants
fasciola hepatica
118
how do you get clonorchis sinensis
consumption of undercooked freshwater fish
119
schistosome that causes hematuria
schistosoma haematobium
120
shistoosome that causes bloody diarrhea
S mansoni
121
#1 cause of bladder cancer
schistosoma haematobium
122
Katayama syndrome
fever, chills, cough urticaria, abd pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia associated with schistosomes
123
chronic infection of schistosomes
may cause granulmatous reactions and fibrosis in affected organs
124
clay pipestem fibrosis
S mansoni
125
DOC for schistosomes
praziquantel is DOC
126
lab abnormalities of schistosomes
leukocytosis, eosinophilia, polyclonal gammopathy
127
eggs large, oval shaped with curved anterior end and lateral spine
S mansoni
128
small egg, oval shape, spine is not distinct
S japonicum
129
terminal spine, large eg
S haemotibium found in urine
130
fat ribbon like
cestodes
131
head has cup shaped suckers and hooks with segmented bodies
cestodes
132
pork tapeworm
taenia solium
133
#1 cause of seizures world wide
pork tapeworm
134
DOC for pork tapeworm
praziquantel
135
larvae can disseminate and CALCIFY in the tissues causing cysticercosis
pork tapeworm
136
treatment for cysticercosis
praziquantel and albendazole
137
beef tapeworm
taenia saginata
138
fish tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum
139
get this from undercooked freshwate fish
D. latum
140
associated with depleted serum vitamin B12
fish tapeworm
141
treatment of fish tapeworm
niclosamide
142
hyadtid cyst disase
Echinococcus species
143
tapeworm of carnivores in sheep raising areas
echinococcus
144
first choice of treatment for echionococcus
surgery
145
most common tapeworm worldwide
hymenolepsi nana (dward tapeworm)
