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Gastroenterology > Microbiology GI parasites > Flashcards

Microbiology GI parasites Flashcards

1
Q

protozoa fall into what type of group

A

single celled eukaryotic

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2
Q

metazoa fall into what type of group

A

multicelluar

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3
Q

what is the protective measure for a protozoa

A

cyst form

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4
Q

protozoans that do not have cysts have what mode of transmission

A

arthropod vector

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5
Q

how do protozoa evade the immune system

A

via surface antigen variation

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6
Q

parasite that causes amebiasis

A

entamoeba histolytic

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7
Q

is a pseudopod forming protozoan

A

entamoeba histolytic

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8
Q

pathogenesis of E. histolytica

A

induces apoptosis causing blood diarrhea and also can have extraintestinal abscesses in the liver, lungs, etc). the gastric acid stimulates excystation and necrosis from cytotoxin

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9
Q

Entamoeba histolytic is associated with _______in the United States

A

camping

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10
Q

mode of transmission for entamoeba histolytic

A

fecal oral (carrier state, cysts are passed in the stool)

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11
Q

who are the at risk groups for E histolytic

A

travelers to endemic area (camping/hiking) immigrants, MSM, IC pts, institutionalized patients

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12
Q

diagnostic stage

A

trophozoite and cyst in feces

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13
Q

flask shape ulcers

A

E histolytica

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14
Q

two diseases caused by E. histolytica

A

amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess

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15
Q

PMN’s present in E histolytica infection ?

A

yes

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16
Q

DOC for E histolytica invasive

A

metronidazole

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17
Q

DOC for E histolytica for noninvasive

A

paromyocin

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18
Q

pig reservoir

A

Balantidium coli

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19
Q

outbreaks in US psychiatric hospitals

A

B coli

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20
Q

DOC for B coli

A

tetracycline

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21
Q

causes giardia

A

giardia lamblia

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22
Q

reservoir for giardia lamblia

A

beavers and muskrats are reservoirs (streams and lakes)

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23
Q

mode of transmission for giarddia

A

fecal oral from poor sanitation or contaminated drinking water; little person to person transmission

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24
Q

who are at risk for giardia lamblia

A

travelers, children in day care centers, institutionalized, and homosexual men

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25
Q

flagellated pear shaped body

A

Giardia lamblia

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26
Q

pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia

A

infective stage
excyst in duodenum
multiplies by longutudinal binary fission–trophozoites on mucosa of duodenum

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27
Q

bilobed nucleus

A

giardia lamblia

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28
Q

malabsorption syndrome #1 cause

A

giardia

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29
Q

diarrhea of Giardia

A

watery diarrhea, foul smelling, stools are NOT bloody or contain pus

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30
Q

falling leaf motility

A

giardia

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31
Q

treatment for giardia

A

metronidazole

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32
Q

how do you prevent giardia

A

boil water and treat carriers (cysts can survive in chlorinated water)

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33
Q

cryptosporodiosis or crypto is caused by most offten

A

C parvum

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34
Q

what is the infectious form for crypto

A

oocyst

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35
Q

resistant to chlorination

A

crypto parvum and giardia

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36
Q

what age group is affected by C parvum

A

mainly children about 5 years of age

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37
Q

what disease is supposed to be lethal in AIDS patients

A

C parvum

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38
Q

What does C parvum infect

A

infects the intestinal epithelial cells

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39
Q

Diagnosis of C parvum

A

acid fast staining of stool

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40
Q

bouts of diarrhea, greater than 50 per day in AIDs pts

A

C parvum

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41
Q

what is the treatment for C parvum

A

replace fluids, electrolytes and give nitazoxanide for immunocompetent pts.

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42
Q

malabsorption syndrome in AIDS pts

A

Cystoisopora belli

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43
Q

reservoir for cystoisospora belli

A

humans

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44
Q

mode of transmission for cystoisospora

A

fecal oral transmission

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45
Q

diagnosis of C belli

A

iodine stained stool smears (oocysts found in feces, stain acid fast)

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46
Q

what is DOC for C belli

A

TMP-SMX

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47
Q

oval oocysts

A

C belli

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48
Q

round oocysts

A

Crypto

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49
Q

AIDS, malabsorption, and acid fast

A

C belli

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50
Q

rasperies from guatemala/ basil from mexico

A

cyclospora cayetanesis

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51
Q

flouresces blue under UV light

A

C cayetanesis

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52
Q

microsporidia

A

Obligate intracellular spore-forming protozoa

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53
Q

all parasites that are not protozoa are called

A

metazoa

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54
Q

trematodes are

A

flukes

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55
Q

cestodes are

A

tapeworms

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56
Q

nematodes are

A

roundworms

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57
Q

__________ingest host tissue and or fluids

A

helminths

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58
Q

what are the protective layers of helminths

A

tough external layer (cuticle), immune evasion (antigenic variation and secrete enzymes that destroy host cells

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59
Q

nematodes

A

intestinal round worms

60
Q

most common helminth in the US

A

nematodes

61
Q

pin worms

A

enterovius vermicularis

62
Q

how are pin worms transmitted

A

fecal oral

63
Q

eggs are sticky

A

pin worm

64
Q

autoinfection

A

pin worm

65
Q

nocturnal perianal itching

A

pinworm

66
Q

what is the treatment for pinworm

A

pyrantel pamoate

67
Q

what is treatment for family who has pin worm

A

albendazole

68
Q

round worm

A

ascaris lumbricoides

69
Q

largest intestinal nematode

A

ascaris lumbricoides

70
Q

endemic to rural southeast

A

roundworm

71
Q

pathogenesis of round worm

A

ingested embryonal egg with second stage larva migrates to liver, adults develop in lumen of small intestine

72
Q

bolus can obstruct or perforate bowel

A

roundworms

73
Q

treatment for DOC

A

albendazole

74
Q

what do you give in patients who are pregnant with roundworm

A

pyrantel pamoate

75
Q

knobby coated oval shaped bile stained eggs

A

round worm

76
Q

trichuris trichiura

A

whipworm

77
Q

southern appalachian range and dgulf coast states

A

whip worm

78
Q

football shaped egg with plugged ends

A

whipworm

79
Q

rectal prolapse

A

whipworm

80
Q

bloody mucoid diarrhea

A

trichuris trichiura

81
Q

found in moist warm climate

A

hookworm

82
Q

travels through your foot

A

hookworm

83
Q

maculopapular erruption that is localized

A

hookworm

84
Q

hypochromic anemia

A

hookworm

85
Q

mental retardation

A

hookworm

86
Q

diagnosis of GI infection by hookworm

A

nonbile stained, segmented eggs in the stool, iron deficiency anemia

87
Q

what is the treatment for hookworm

A

albendazole

88
Q

ancylostoma braziliense

A

dog and cat hookworm where humans are the accidental host

89
Q

loeffler syndrome

A

pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia

90
Q

who are at risk for ancylostoma braziliense

A

children with sandboxes and beaches

91
Q

treatment for anclystoma braziliene

A

ivermectin but not FDA approved

92
Q

strongyloides stercoralis

A

threadworm

93
Q

hyperinfection syndrome

A

threadworm larvae spread throughout the body seen in pts who are IC, on corticosteroid therapy, and transplant patients

94
Q

treatment for threadworm

A

ivermectin is DOC

95
Q

baermann funnel guaze method

A

thread worm

96
Q

trichinosis

A

trichennela spiralis

97
Q

pork, bear undercooked meat

A

trichonosis

98
Q

where are the adults in trichinosis

A

duodenum and jejunum

99
Q

larval form of trichinosis is found in

A

striated muscle

100
Q

acute stage of trichinosis

A

inavde tissue, fever, myalgias, eosinophilias, and periobrital edema

101
Q

treatment for trichinosis

A

bedrest, antipyretics and analgesics

102
Q

encyststed larva worms

A

trichinosis

103
Q

anisakiasis

A

anisakis simplex

104
Q

roud worm of marine fish

A

anisakiasis

105
Q

may mimic chron disease

A

anisakiasis

106
Q

may resemble shellfish allergie

A

anisakiasis

107
Q

severe eosinophilic granulamatous response if pass into bowel

A

anisakiasis

108
Q

flat leaf shaped worms

A

flukes

109
Q

all flukes have what type of intermediate

A

clam or snail

110
Q

operculated eggs

A

flukes

111
Q

giant intestinal fluke

A

fasciolopsis buski

112
Q

water chestnuts

A

giant intestinal fluke

113
Q

fluke that causes malabsorption syndrome with maladorous greasy stools

A

intestinal fluke

114
Q

treatment for intestinal fluke

A

praziquantel

115
Q

fasciola hepatica

A

sheep liver fluke

116
Q

clonorchis sinensis

A

chinese liver fluke

117
Q

contaminated water plants

A

fasciola hepatica

118
Q

how do you get clonorchis sinensis

A

consumption of undercooked freshwater fish

119
Q

schistosome that causes hematuria

A

schistosoma haematobium

120
Q

shistoosome that causes bloody diarrhea

A

S mansoni

121
Q

1 cause of bladder cancer

A

schistosoma haematobium

122
Q

Katayama syndrome

A

fever, chills, cough urticaria, abd pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia associated with schistosomes

123
Q

chronic infection of schistosomes

A

may cause granulmatous reactions and fibrosis in affected organs

124
Q

clay pipestem fibrosis

A

S mansoni

125
Q

DOC for schistosomes

A

praziquantel is DOC

126
Q

lab abnormalities of schistosomes

A

leukocytosis, eosinophilia, polyclonal gammopathy

127
Q

eggs large, oval shaped with curved anterior end and lateral spine

A

S mansoni

128
Q

small egg, oval shape, spine is not distinct

A

S japonicum

129
Q

terminal spine, large eg

A

S haemotibium found in urine

130
Q

fat ribbon like

A

cestodes

131
Q

head has cup shaped suckers and hooks with segmented bodies

A

cestodes

132
Q

pork tapeworm

A

taenia solium

133
Q

1 cause of seizures world wide

A

pork tapeworm

134
Q

DOC for pork tapeworm

A

praziquantel

135
Q

larvae can disseminate and CALCIFY in the tissues causing cysticercosis

A

pork tapeworm

136
Q

treatment for cysticercosis

A

praziquantel and albendazole

137
Q

beef tapeworm

A

taenia saginata

138
Q

fish tapeworm

A

diphyllobothrium latum

139
Q

get this from undercooked freshwate fish

A

D. latum

140
Q

associated with depleted serum vitamin B12

A

fish tapeworm

141
Q

treatment of fish tapeworm

A

niclosamide

142
Q

hyadtid cyst disase

A

Echinococcus species

143
Q

tapeworm of carnivores in sheep raising areas

A

echinococcus

144
Q

first choice of treatment for echionococcus

A

surgery

145
Q

most common tapeworm worldwide

A

hymenolepsi nana (dward tapeworm)

Gastroenterology (8 decks)

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