Microbiology GI parasites Flashcards
protozoa fall into what type of group
single celled eukaryotic
metazoa fall into what type of group
multicelluar
what is the protective measure for a protozoa
cyst form
protozoans that do not have cysts have what mode of transmission
arthropod vector
how do protozoa evade the immune system
via surface antigen variation
parasite that causes amebiasis
entamoeba histolytic
is a pseudopod forming protozoan
entamoeba histolytic
pathogenesis of E. histolytica
induces apoptosis causing blood diarrhea and also can have extraintestinal abscesses in the liver, lungs, etc). the gastric acid stimulates excystation and necrosis from cytotoxin
Entamoeba histolytic is associated with _______in the United States
camping
mode of transmission for entamoeba histolytic
fecal oral (carrier state, cysts are passed in the stool)
who are the at risk groups for E histolytic
travelers to endemic area (camping/hiking) immigrants, MSM, IC pts, institutionalized patients
diagnostic stage
trophozoite and cyst in feces
flask shape ulcers
E histolytica
two diseases caused by E. histolytica
amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess
PMN’s present in E histolytica infection ?
yes
DOC for E histolytica invasive
metronidazole
DOC for E histolytica for noninvasive
paromyocin
pig reservoir
Balantidium coli
outbreaks in US psychiatric hospitals
B coli
DOC for B coli
tetracycline
causes giardia
giardia lamblia
reservoir for giardia lamblia
beavers and muskrats are reservoirs (streams and lakes)
mode of transmission for giarddia
fecal oral from poor sanitation or contaminated drinking water; little person to person transmission
who are at risk for giardia lamblia
travelers, children in day care centers, institutionalized, and homosexual men
flagellated pear shaped body
Giardia lamblia
pathogenesis of Giardia lamblia
infective stage
excyst in duodenum
multiplies by longutudinal binary fission–trophozoites on mucosa of duodenum
bilobed nucleus
giardia lamblia
malabsorption syndrome #1 cause
giardia
diarrhea of Giardia
watery diarrhea, foul smelling, stools are NOT bloody or contain pus
falling leaf motility
giardia
treatment for giardia
metronidazole
how do you prevent giardia
boil water and treat carriers (cysts can survive in chlorinated water)
cryptosporodiosis or crypto is caused by most offten
C parvum
what is the infectious form for crypto
oocyst
resistant to chlorination
crypto parvum and giardia
what age group is affected by C parvum
mainly children about 5 years of age
what disease is supposed to be lethal in AIDS patients
C parvum
What does C parvum infect
infects the intestinal epithelial cells
Diagnosis of C parvum
acid fast staining of stool
bouts of diarrhea, greater than 50 per day in AIDs pts
C parvum
what is the treatment for C parvum
replace fluids, electrolytes and give nitazoxanide for immunocompetent pts.
malabsorption syndrome in AIDS pts
Cystoisopora belli
reservoir for cystoisospora belli
humans
mode of transmission for cystoisospora
fecal oral transmission
diagnosis of C belli
iodine stained stool smears (oocysts found in feces, stain acid fast)
what is DOC for C belli
TMP-SMX
oval oocysts
C belli
round oocysts
Crypto
AIDS, malabsorption, and acid fast
C belli
rasperies from guatemala/ basil from mexico
cyclospora cayetanesis
flouresces blue under UV light
C cayetanesis
microsporidia
Obligate intracellular spore-forming protozoa
all parasites that are not protozoa are called
metazoa
trematodes are
flukes
cestodes are
tapeworms
nematodes are
roundworms
__________ingest host tissue and or fluids
helminths
what are the protective layers of helminths
tough external layer (cuticle), immune evasion (antigenic variation and secrete enzymes that destroy host cells
nematodes
intestinal round worms
most common helminth in the US
nematodes
pin worms
enterovius vermicularis
how are pin worms transmitted
fecal oral
eggs are sticky
pin worm
autoinfection
pin worm
nocturnal perianal itching
pinworm
what is the treatment for pinworm
pyrantel pamoate
what is treatment for family who has pin worm
albendazole
round worm
ascaris lumbricoides
largest intestinal nematode
ascaris lumbricoides
endemic to rural southeast
roundworm
pathogenesis of round worm
ingested embryonal egg with second stage larva migrates to liver, adults develop in lumen of small intestine
bolus can obstruct or perforate bowel
roundworms
treatment for DOC
albendazole
what do you give in patients who are pregnant with roundworm
pyrantel pamoate
knobby coated oval shaped bile stained eggs
round worm
trichuris trichiura
whipworm
southern appalachian range and dgulf coast states
whip worm
football shaped egg with plugged ends
whipworm
rectal prolapse
whipworm
bloody mucoid diarrhea
trichuris trichiura
found in moist warm climate
hookworm
travels through your foot
hookworm
maculopapular erruption that is localized
hookworm
hypochromic anemia
hookworm
mental retardation
hookworm
diagnosis of GI infection by hookworm
nonbile stained, segmented eggs in the stool, iron deficiency anemia
what is the treatment for hookworm
albendazole
ancylostoma braziliense
dog and cat hookworm where humans are the accidental host
loeffler syndrome
pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia
who are at risk for ancylostoma braziliense
children with sandboxes and beaches
treatment for anclystoma braziliene
ivermectin but not FDA approved
strongyloides stercoralis
threadworm
hyperinfection syndrome
threadworm larvae spread throughout the body seen in pts who are IC, on corticosteroid therapy, and transplant patients
treatment for threadworm
ivermectin is DOC
baermann funnel guaze method
thread worm
trichinosis
trichennela spiralis
pork, bear undercooked meat
trichonosis
where are the adults in trichinosis
duodenum and jejunum
larval form of trichinosis is found in
striated muscle
acute stage of trichinosis
inavde tissue, fever, myalgias, eosinophilias, and periobrital edema
treatment for trichinosis
bedrest, antipyretics and analgesics
encyststed larva worms
trichinosis
anisakiasis
anisakis simplex
roud worm of marine fish
anisakiasis
may mimic chron disease
anisakiasis
may resemble shellfish allergie
anisakiasis
severe eosinophilic granulamatous response if pass into bowel
anisakiasis
flat leaf shaped worms
flukes
all flukes have what type of intermediate
clam or snail
operculated eggs
flukes
giant intestinal fluke
fasciolopsis buski
water chestnuts
giant intestinal fluke
fluke that causes malabsorption syndrome with maladorous greasy stools
intestinal fluke
treatment for intestinal fluke
praziquantel
fasciola hepatica
sheep liver fluke
clonorchis sinensis
chinese liver fluke
contaminated water plants
fasciola hepatica
how do you get clonorchis sinensis
consumption of undercooked freshwater fish
schistosome that causes hematuria
schistosoma haematobium
shistoosome that causes bloody diarrhea
S mansoni
1 cause of bladder cancer
schistosoma haematobium
Katayama syndrome
fever, chills, cough urticaria, abd pain, diarrhea, and eosinophilia associated with schistosomes
chronic infection of schistosomes
may cause granulmatous reactions and fibrosis in affected organs
clay pipestem fibrosis
S mansoni
DOC for schistosomes
praziquantel is DOC
lab abnormalities of schistosomes
leukocytosis, eosinophilia, polyclonal gammopathy
eggs large, oval shaped with curved anterior end and lateral spine
S mansoni
small egg, oval shape, spine is not distinct
S japonicum
terminal spine, large eg
S haemotibium found in urine
fat ribbon like
cestodes
head has cup shaped suckers and hooks with segmented bodies
cestodes
pork tapeworm
taenia solium
1 cause of seizures world wide
pork tapeworm
DOC for pork tapeworm
praziquantel
larvae can disseminate and CALCIFY in the tissues causing cysticercosis
pork tapeworm
treatment for cysticercosis
praziquantel and albendazole
beef tapeworm
taenia saginata
fish tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum
get this from undercooked freshwate fish
D. latum
associated with depleted serum vitamin B12
fish tapeworm
treatment of fish tapeworm
niclosamide
hyadtid cyst disase
Echinococcus species
tapeworm of carnivores in sheep raising areas
echinococcus
first choice of treatment for echionococcus
surgery
most common tapeworm worldwide
hymenolepsi nana (dward tapeworm)
