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Gastroenterology > AntiHelminths > Flashcards

AntiHelminths Flashcards

1
Q

what is the treatment of choice for all schistosome species

A

praziquantel

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2
Q

katayama fever

A

systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating parasites which occurs between two to eight weeks after exposure usually treated with corticosteroids or supportive care

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3
Q

albendazole, mebendazole and ivermectin are contraindicated in what pt. population

A

pregnant patients

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4
Q

DOC for taenia solium and neurocysticercosis

A

albendazole or praziquantel

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5
Q

DOC for diphyllobothrium latum

A

niclosamide

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6
Q

DOC for schistosoma

A

praziquantel

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7
Q

DOC for clonorchis sinensis

A

praziquantel

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8
Q

only round worm that is not treated with mebendazole

A

strongyloides stercolis

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9
Q

DOC for strongyloides stercolis

A

ivermectin

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10
Q

DOC for ascaris lumbricoides, enterobius vermicularis, trichuris trichiura,

A

mebendazole

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11
Q

DOC for necator americanus

A

mebendazole

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12
Q

DOC for onchocerca volvulus

A

ivermectin

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13
Q

DOC for wuchereria bancrofti and brugi malayi

A

diethlcarbazine and albendazole

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14
Q

DOC for toxocara canis

A

tiabendazole

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15
Q

DOC for trichenella spiralis

A

thiabendazole

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16
Q

how is wuchereria bancrofti transmitted

A

female mosquito (anopheles or culex)

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17
Q

causes filarisis

A

wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus

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18
Q

onchocerca volvulus causes

A

river blindness

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19
Q

onchocerca volvulus (river blindness) is transmitted by

A

black fly

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20
Q

DOC for onchocerca volvulus

A

ivermectin

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21
Q

cestodes are

A

tapeworms

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22
Q

trematodes are

A

flukes

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23
Q

nematodes are

A

roundworms

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24
Q

what are the two tapeworms he wants us to know

A

taenia solium and diphyllobothrium latum

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25
Q

what are the two flukes he wants us to know

A

schistosoma and clonorchis sinensis

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26
Q

MOA of benzimidazoles

A

bind to free beta tubulin and thus inhibit the polyermization of tubulin and microtubule dependent glucose uptake

27
Q

what is the MOA of albendazole

A

Selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and secretory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death

28
Q

what is albendazole used to treat

A

treatment of neurocysticercosis caused by T. solium and hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by echinococcus granulosus

29
Q

what should you do when you administer albendazole

A

add an anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during the first week of treatment

30
Q

what are the adverse reactions for albendazole ?

A

Dizziness, vertigo, fever, intracranial pressure increase, meningeal signs, and seizures

31
Q

Mebendazole is used for

A

treatment of

1) enterobius vermicularis
2) trichuris trichuria
3) ascaris lumbricoides
4) hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale)

32
Q

what are the contraindications for mebendazole (vermox)

A

pregnancy (embryotoxic and teratogenic)

steven johnson syndrome

33
Q

what is the MOA of thiabendazole

A

inhibits helminth specific mitochondria fumarate reductase

34
Q

thiabendazole is DOC for

A

cutaneous larva migrans, trichinosis, and mixed helminthic infections

35
Q

what is the association of fruit juice and thiabendazole

A

drinking fruit juice aids in the expulsion of worms by removing the mucous to which the intestinal tapeworm attach themselves

36
Q

what are the adverse reactions for thiabendazole

A

angioedema, pruritis, rash, steven’s johnson syndrome

37
Q

ivermectin is DOC for

A

onchocerca volvulus and for strongyloidiasis

38
Q

what is onchocerciasis

A

river blindness

39
Q

what is the MOA of ivermectin

A

glutamate gated chloride ion channels which occur in invertebrate nerve and muscle cells (does NOT cross BBB)

40
Q

major contraindication of ivermectin

A

contraindicated in menigitis pts because they have increased permeability and get neurologic side effects such as CNS depression and ataxia

41
Q

adverse reactions to ivermectin

A

dizziness, encephalopathy, headache, hyperthermia, insomnia, somnolence, and vertigo

42
Q

manzzotti reaction occurs with which drug

A

ivermectin and diethylcarbmazine

43
Q

what is manzzotti reaction

A

arthralgia, edema, fever, lyphadenopathy, ocualar damage, pruritus, rash and synovitis

44
Q

diethycarbamazine is DOC for

A

lyphatic filariasis (bancrofti and brugia malayi)

45
Q

pyrantel pamoate MOA

A

causes the release of acetylcholine and inhibits cholinesterase and acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, paralyzing the helminths

46
Q

what is pyrantel pamoate used for

A

pin worm, whip worm, and round worm

47
Q

MOA of praziquantel

A

Increases the cell permeability to calcium in schistosomes, causing strong contractions and paralysis of worm musculature leading to detachment of suckers from the blood vessel walls and to dislodgment

48
Q

use of praziquantel

A

schistosomiasis,

49
Q

adverse reactions in praziquantel

A

CSF reaction syndrome in patients being treated for neurocysticercosis (HA, seizures, meningimus)`

50
Q

OA of niclosamide

A

inhibits mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylationof ADP in tape worms

51
Q

what is DOC for tapeworms

A

niclosamide

52
Q

hyatid disease caused by

A

echinococcus granulosus

53
Q

hook worms species names

A

N aemricanus

54
Q

how are hookworms transmitted

A

direct skin contact with free living soil larvae (walking barefoot)

55
Q

what is the treatment for hookworms

A

mebendazole

56
Q

treatment for ascaris lumbricoides

A

mebendazole

57
Q

species name for pin worm

A

enterobius vermicularis

58
Q

mode of transmission for pin worm

A

ingestion of eggs from fingers contaminated by scratching or through contact with contaminated linens or clothening

59
Q

DOC for pinworm

A

enterobius vermicularis

60
Q

DOC for whipworm

A

mebendazole

61
Q

visceral larva migrans can cause

A

granulmatous nodules

62
Q

what is the treatment for visceral larva migrans and cutaneous larva migrans

A

thiabendazole

63
Q

ancylostoma braziliense

A

dog or cat hookworms that which humans are accidental host

Gastroenterology (8 decks)

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