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microbiology > microbiology final exam 1 form B > Flashcards

microbiology final exam 1 form B Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Discovered streptomycin; coined term antibiotic

A

Selman Waksman

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1
Q

Petri dishes, agar, and staining originatedr in his lab

A

Robert Koch

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2
Q

First to propose the concept of spontaneous generation

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol

A

Joseph Lister

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4
Q

Father of epidemiology (cholera in London)

A

John Snow

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5
Q

Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing prevented fever in obstetric patients

A

Ignas Semmelweis

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6
Q

Developed the first differential stain for bacteria

A

Christian Gram

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7
Q

Developed the first rabies vaccine

A

Louis Pasteur

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8
Q

First person to see bacteria

A

Anteni Leeuwenhook

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9
Q

Developed first sulfa-drug (protensil) in late 1930’s

A

Gerard Domagk

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10
Q

Which of the following organisms is classified by the type of spores it produces?

A

Fungi

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11
Q

The archaea are examples of which of the following types of microbes?

A

Prokaryotes

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12
Q

Numerous, short bristle-like projections important in biofilms

A

Fimbriae

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13
Q

The rigid and strong part of the bacterial cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan

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14
Q

Responsible for motility in spirochettes

A

Axial filaments

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15
Q

Have a central role in conjugation

A

Pili

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16
Q

A highly organized glycocalyx, firmly attached to the cell

A

Capsule

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17
Q

80s in eukaryotes; 70s in prokaryotes

A

Ribosomes

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18
Q

One of 2 organelles explained by the endosymbiotic theory

A

Chloroplasts

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19
Q

Can be monotrichous, amphitrichous, or peritrichous

A

Flagella

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20
Q

Composed of phospholipids and protein

A

Cell membrane

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21
Q

Very dehydrated and almost ametabolic, survival stage

A

Endospore

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22
Q

A photosynthetic bacterium moving toward a light source would:

A

B and D, tumble less, have longer runs

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23
Q

Teichoic acids - gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

Gram positive bacteria only

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24
Q

Lipopolysaccharide, gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

Gram negative bacteria only

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25
Q

Peptidoglycan, gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

All of the above

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26
Q

Several layers of wax-like lipid, gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

Acid-fast bacteria only

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27
Q

Lipid A, gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

Gram negative bacteria only

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28
Q

Over 90% of the cell wall is peptidoglycan, gram positive, negative, or acid fast?

A

Gram positive bacteria only

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29
Q

Which of the following would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Centrioles

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30
Q

A red blood cell is placed into a hypotonic solution

A

Swell then burst (lysis)

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31
Q

An RBC is placed in a hypertonic solution

A

Crenation

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32
Q

A bacterial cell is placed into a hypotonic solution

A

Nothing happens

33
Q

A bacterial cell is placed into a hypertonic solution

A

Plasmolysis

34
Q

An RBC is placed into an isotonic solution

A

Nothing happens

35
Q

An object measures 200 um. This is equivalent to:

A

All of the above

36
Q

Which of the following objective lenses would be LEAST LIKELY found on a typical light microscope?

A

1000x

37
Q

Immersion oil is needed with oil immersion lenses because:

A

All of the above

38
Q

All of the following are associated with an electron microscope except:

A

A prism

39
Q

Gram positive cells immediately following decolorization

A

Purple

40
Q

Gram negative cells immediately following the counterstain

A

Pink

41
Q

Gram negative cells immediately following the mordant

A

Purple

42
Q

Gram positive cells after all the steps in the gram stain

A

Purple

43
Q

The Endospore stain and the gram stain have all the following in common except a:

A

Mordant

44
Q

Carl woese proposed the concept of 3 domains based upon differences in genes for which cellular molecule?

A

rRNA

45
Q

Which of the following microorganisms is noted for its variety of locomotive structures

A

Protozoa

46
Q

The reason visible light is relatively limited in its usefulness for microscopy is:

A

It’s wavelength is too long to enable very high resolution of images

47
Q

All of the following microscopes are limited to magnifications of about 2000x except:

A

Scanning tunneling

48
Q

Most stains that stain bacteria well are classified as:

A

Basic

49
Q

An organic cofactor for an enzyme is known as a(n):

A

Coenzyme

50
Q

To which of the following substances would a typical cell membrane be least permeable?

A

Hydrogen ion H+

51
Q

Means sugar-splitting

A

Glycolysis

52
Q

Acetyl co-A goes in; NADH, FADH2, and GTP come out

A

Krebs cycle

53
Q

Electrons are passed through membrane proteins, finally to O2

A

Electron transport chain

54
Q

The 2 pathways that can produce carbon dioxide

A

A and E Krebs cycle and fermentation

55
Q

Acetyl co a molecules are generated

A

Beta oxidation

56
Q

The 2 pathways that are capable of substrate-level phosphorylation

A

A and C, Krebs cycle and glycolysis

57
Q

The process exploited most often in the production of foods; many different possible end-products are produced

A

Fermentation

58
Q

All of the following are produced routinely during aerobic respiration except:

A

Ethyl alcohol

59
Q

Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in:

A

The nature of the terminal electron acceptor

60
Q

Which of the following pathways produces NAD+ from NADH?

A

B and D (fermentation and the electron transport chain)

61
Q

Catalase:

A

All of the above

62
Q

Number of fatty acids in a common fat

A

3

63
Q

Net ATP equivalents from the intermediate step only (don’t include acetyl-coA)

A

6

64
Q

Number of phosphates in ADP

A

2

65
Q

Net ATP from oxidative phosphorylation only, in an aerobic bacterium

A

34

66
Q

The number of lactic acid molecules produced during fermentation

A

2

67
Q

The total net number of ATP equivalents produced by an aerobic bacterium

A

38

68
Q

Number of ATP equivalents in one NADH molecule

A

3

69
Q

The number of CO2 molecules released from the complete oxidation of one pyruvate molecule

A

3

70
Q

The number of CO2 molecules released from glycolysis

A

0

71
Q

NAD and FAD are

A

4

72
Q

Petrichous flagellation denotes

A

2

73
Q

A fatty acid containing 18 carbons is metabolized for energy by an aerobic bacterium. What is the total net number of ATP equivalents that this fatty acid is worth?

A

6

74
Q

Nutrient agar (contains beef extract) to which antibiotics have been added is:

A

A and C (selective and complex)

75
Q

Psychropiles grow best in:

A

The cold

76
Q

10 organisms with a generation time of 30 min are allowed to multiply for 10 hrs. How many organisms are present?

A

1.05* 10^7

77
Q

100 organisms develop into 1.6 million organisms in 4 hours 40 min. What is the generation time?

A

20 min.

78
Q

During the log phase, organisms are:

A

Growing at an optimal rate

79
Q

Water activity of a substance is lowered by:

A

All of the above, adding salt, adding sugar, removing water

80
Q

For a mesophile, the minimum temp of an organism is:

A

The temp below which the organism will not grow

microbiology (4 decks)

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