Microbiology Exam 3 Flashcards
Terminal electron acceptors get what and then go where?
They get reduced and then exit the cell
Respiring organisms that use O2 are what?
aerobic, and O2 goes to H2O
Respiring organisms that use NO3- and SO4-2 are what?
anaerobic, NO3 -2 goes to NO2- and S compounds
Do respiring organisms use substrate-level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation?
Both
Do respiring organisms have an ETC/ETS?
Yes they use NADH/FADH2
What are the recycled electron carriers in respiring organisms?
NAD+, FAD
Do fermenting organisms use substrate-level phosphorylation or oxidative phosphorylation?
Only substrate-level phosphorylation
What happens to NAD+ in fermenting organisms?
Needs to be regenerated
The main function of catabolic pathways is to what?
breakdown macromolecules and other compounds
What are the three sugar breakdown pathways?
Glycolysis, Entner-Doudoroff, Pentose phosphate
What happens in catabolism?
Oxidize macromolecules
Oxidize sugars
Produce energy, reducing power, and precursor metabolites
What happens when you oxidize macromolecules?
convert macromolecules into sugars or catabolic pathway intermediates
What are is the energy produced in catabolism?
ATP
What are the reducing powers in catabolism?
NADH, NADPH, FADH2
What is the lipid breakdown pathway?
lipases (hydrolysis) form glycerol and fatty acids and go to acetyl-CoA
What is the protein breakdown pathway?
Proteases hydrolysis amino acids
Amino acid decarboxylases and deaminases go to glycolysis
What is the carbohydrate breakdown pathway?
Amylases to form sugars
What is the Entner-Doudoroff equation?
C6H12O6+ NAD+ + NADP+ + ADP + Pi goes to 2 C3H4O3 + NADPH + 2 H+ + ATP
What is one microbe that undergoes Entner-Doudoroff?
VIbro cholera
What is unique about the Pentose phosphate pathway?
It is amphibolic.
What are some anabolic precursor metabolites for the pentose phosphate pathway?
Ribose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate, nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis
Acetyl-CoA
Where does the pentose phosphate pathway lead?
glycolysis, watch for fermentation though
What is the product of the pentose phosphate pathway?
2 NADPH
What is the gycolysis equation?
C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi goes to 2 C3H4O3 + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP
What are the net energy carriers in glycolysis?
2 ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation, 2NADH
Step 1 in glycolysis
Glucose + ATP → G-6-P + ADP -6 C to 6 C -hexokinase ATP- independent phosphotransferase can also bring in G6P -Energy carrier: -1ATP
Step 2 in glycolysis
glucose 6-phosphate is isomerized to fructose 6-phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase
Step 3 in glycolysis
Fructose 6-phosphate is phosphorylated by reaction with ATP to form fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, by phosphofructokinase
Step 4 in glycolysis
Fruc-1,6-2P ↔ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
6C to 3C+3C
aldolase
Step 5 in glycolysis
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) ↔ Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
- 3C to 3C
- triose phosphate insomerase (TIM)
Step 6 in glycolysis
G3P + NAD+ + Pi ↔ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
3C to 3C
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
EC: 1 NADH
Step 7 in glycolysis
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ↔ 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) + ATP
3C to 3C
Phophoglyserate kinase
EC: + 1 ATP (substrate- level phosphorylation)
Step 8 in glycolysis
3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) ↔ 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG)
3C to 3C
phosphorglycerate mutase
Shift of phosphate functional group
Step 9 in glycolysis
2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) → phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O
3C to 3 C
Enolase
Step 10 in glycolysis
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP → pyruvate + ATP
3C to 3C
Pyruvate kinase
EC: 1 ATP (substrate- level …
Where is NADH consumed
by PMF or fermentation
Where is NADPH consumed
anabolism/biosynthesis
What is the pyruvate dehydrogenase equation
pyruvate + CoA+ NAD+ goes to Acetyl-CoA+ CO2+ NADH+ 2H+
What is the movement of carbon atoms in the pyruvate dehydrogenase equation?
3C pyruvate goes to 2C acetyl+ 1C (CO2)
What are the energy carriers in pyruvate dehyrogenase?
Reducing power is 1 NADH/ pyruvate
TCA cycle is only found in organisms that have what?
Electron transport system/chain
Aerobic and anaerobic respiring organisms
What is the main point of TCA cycle
oxidize Acety-CoA (from pyruvate dehydrogenase) to 2CO2
What is the TCA equation?
Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi → 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + 3 H+ + FADH2 + ATP
What is step 1 of TCA?
Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H2O → citrate + CoA
4C+ 2C → 6C
Citrate synthase
synthase rxn, no ATP