Microbiology Exam 1 Flashcards
Who discovered the first microscopes?
Robert Hooke and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Who had the theory of spontaneous generation?
Francesco Redi
Origin of microorganisms
John Tyndall
Medical microbiology
Robert Koch
Light microscope range
10^-6
Electron microscope range
To 10^-8
Atomic force microscopy
To 10^-9
X-ray crystallography range
10^-10
Types of differential stains
Gram stain, acid-fast stain, spore stain
Bacillus is what shape?
Rod
Coccus is what shape?
Sphere
Spirochetes is what shape?
Corkscrew
Vibrio is what shape?
Curved rod
What’s in a prokaryote?
70s ribosomes
DNA nucleoid
Cellular envelope
What is the cellular envelope
The bag that holds everything together.
What’s the cellular envelope made of?
At least 1 membrane
Cell wall with peptidoglycans
Other structures
Describe the gram negative cell envelope
Two membranes
Periplasm
Thin Peptidoglycan layer
Porins
Bacterial membranes have what linkages?
Ester
What are hopanoids?
Cholesterol like substances that bring stability to the cell membrane.
What are the parts of the lipopolysaccharide?
O polysaccharide (o-antigen)
Distinctive strain identifier
Core polysaccharide
Lipid A
Characteristics of a cell wall
Rigid, prevents lysis
Porous
Anti microbial target
Where does a lysosomes attack?
Between NAM and NAG
Describe mycobacteria cell wall
Very greesy. Hard to stain well with gram stain
What is a gyrase and topisomerases?
Enzymes to supercoil the nucleoid
What is a tylkoid membrane
Helps with photosynthesis