Microbiology - Common Causes of Infection Flashcards
What are the common bacterial causes of infective endocarditis?
- Streptococcus viridans
- Enterococci
- Staphylococcus aureus
- HACEK organisms (Haemophilus, Agregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
- “Culture negative endocarditis”
What are the common fungal causes of infective endocarditis?
Candida
Which viruses frequently cause the common cold?
Rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza
What are the viral and bacterial causes of pharyngitis?
- Rhinovirus
- Adenovirus
- Epstein Barr Virus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What are the common bacterial and viral caues of otitis media and sinusitis?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Haemophilus influenza
- Rhinovirus
- RSV
- Influenza
What are the causes of Croup (laryngothracobronchitis)?
- Parainfluenza
- RSV
- Influenza
- Adenovirus
Which virus commonly causes Bronchiolitis?
- RSV
Which virus commonly causes Epiglottitis?
- Haemophilus influenza type b
What are the viral and bacterial causes of acute bronchitis?
- Rhinovirus
- Coronavirus
- Influenza
- Adenovirus
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Bordetella pertussis
Which bacterial agents cause ‘typical’ pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pnuemoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureus
What are the causes of ‘atypical’ pneumonia?
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamyia
- Legionella
- Pneumocystis
What are the common bacterial causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?
- Gram negatives (majority, e.g. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)
- S. pneumoniae
- S. aureus
What are the causes of an aspiration pneumonia?
- Anaerobic bacteria, often a mixed infection
What causes a fungal pneumonia (rare)?
- Aspergillus fumigatus
Which micro-organisms are able to cause gastrointestinal infection with transmission by:
- Fecal-Oral route
- Water
- Food
- Self
What are the viral causes of GI infection?
- Fecal Oral - Rotavirus, Shigella
- Water - Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia
- Food - Campylobacter, toxins
- Self - Clostridium difficile
- Viral - rotavirus, norovirus
Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal illness by toxin ingestion?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Bacillus cereus
- Clostridium botulinum
Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal illness by synthesizing toxins within the host?
- Clostridium perfringens
- Bacillus cereus
- E. Coli
- Vibrio cholerae
Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal infection by adhesion and invasion of the GI tract, causing an inflammatory mediated diarrhoea?
- Shigella
- E.Coli
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter
What are the protozoal causes of gastro intestinal infection?
- Giardia lamblia and others
Which opportunistic bacterial infections commonly occur in a patient with HIV?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae,
- TB
- Atypical mycobacteria
- Salmonella
Which opportunistic viral infections commonly occur in a patient with HIV?
- CMV
- HSV
- VZV
- EBV
- JCV
- HHV-8
Which opportunistic fungal infections occur in a patient with HIV?
- Candida
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Cryptococcus
Which opportunistic protozoal infections may occur in a patient with HIV?
- Toxoplasmosis
- Cryptosporidium
Which agents commonly cause infection in neutropenic patients?
- Gram negative bacteria,
- Aspergillus
Which infections commonly occur in patients who have had a splenectomy?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae,
- Haemophilus influenzae
Which organism classically infects burns patients?
- Pseudomonas
Which organisms are frequently responsible for community acquired urinary tract infections?
- E. coli
- Coagulase negative Staphylococci
- Proteus
Which pathogens are commonly responsible for hospital acquired urinary tract infection?
- E. Coli
- Klebsiella
- Pseudomonas
- Gm Positives
- Candida
Which organisms commonly cause catheter associated urinary tracy infection?
- Klebsiella (including extended spectrum beta-lactamases)
- Pseudomonas
Which organism commonly acquires antibiotic associated diarrhoea in hospital patients
- Clostridium difficile
Which organisms commonly affect lines and prosthetic materials?
- Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA)
- Coagulase negative Staphylococci
Which organisms cause infection control issues in hospital settings?
- VZV
- Norovirus
- Clostridium difficilie
- TB
Which bacteria commonly cause meningitis in neonates?
- E. Coli
- Group B Streptococcus
- Listeria
Which bacterial pathogens commonly cause meningitis in children and adolescents
- S. pneumoniae
- N. meningitidis
- H. influenza
- TB (more frequently in children than adolescents)
Which bacterial agents commonly cause meningitis in adults?
- S. pneumoniae
- Listeria
- TB
Which viruses are capable of causing meningitis?
- Enteroxiruses (polio, coxsackie, echo)
- HSV
- VZV
- Mumps
- HIV
What are the fungal causes of meningitis
- Cryptococcus
What is the most common viral cause of encephalitis?
- HSV
Which bacteria commony causes osteomyelitis?
- S. aureus
Which bacteria commonly cause a reactive arthritis?
- Campylobacter
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Chlamydia
- Gonococcus
Which bacteria are capable of causing a septic arthritis?
- S. aureus
- Salmonella
- Gonococcus
- TB
- Borrelia
Which bacteria are able to cause skin and soft tissue infection?
- S. aureus
- S. pyogenes
- Pseudomonas
- Acinetobacter
Which viruses commonly cause skin and soft tissue infections?
- VZV
- HSV
- Molluscum contagiosum
Which funguses commonly causes skin and soft tissue infection?
- Dermatophytes
- Candidia
