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PBD > Microbiology Buzz Words > Flashcards

Microbiology Buzz Words Flashcards

1
Q

tampon use

A

toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1 from Staph aureus)

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2
Q

tricuspid valve endocarditis in IV drug user

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

endocarditis with prosthetic heart valve

A

Staph epidermidis

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4
Q

body rash that spares palms and soles

A

scarlet fever (Strep pyogenes)

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5
Q

brown urine ~2 weeks post strep infection

A

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (Strep pyogenes)

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6
Q

rust-colored sputum

A

Strep pneumoniae

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7
Q

Janeway lesions, Osler’s nodes, Roth’s spots, and splinter hemorrhages under fingernails

A

Strep viridans

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8
Q

food poisoning after eating reheated fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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9
Q

widened mediastinum on CXR

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

necrotic cutaneous eschar with edema

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

tennis racket/drumstick shaped endospore

A

Clostridium tetani

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12
Q

any involvement with rusty nails, barbed wire, soil, etc.

A

Clostridium tetani

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13
Q

“floppy baby” after ingesting honey

A

Clostridium botulinum

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14
Q

recent clindamycin use

A

Clostridium difficile

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15
Q

deep wounds caused by military service, motorcycle accidents, or other major trauma

A

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

bull neck

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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17
Q

“chinese letters” under microscope

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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18
Q

tumbling motility at low temperature

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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19
Q

sulfur granules present in patient with sinus formation

A

Actinomyces israelii

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20
Q

violin string adhesions

A

Neisseria gonnorhoeae

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21
Q

red currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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22
Q

3 As of Klebsiella

A

alcoholics, aspiration, abscesses

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23
Q

pea soup diarrhea

A

Salmonella typhi

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24
Q

turtles and chickens are main reservoir

A

Salmonella enteriditis

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25
Q

green colonies on Hektoen agar

A

Shigella dysenteriae

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26
Q

metallic green on EMB agar

A

Escherichia coli

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27
Q

prairie dogs and rats are main reservoir

A

Yersinia pestis

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28
Q

rice water diarrhea

A

Vibrio cholerae

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29
Q

metallic green on blood agar with fruity odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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30
Q

swarming motility

A

Proteus mirabilis

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31
Q

high pH urine with fishy odor

A

Proteus mirabilis

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32
Q

normally produces vitamin K for host

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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33
Q

grows on Bordet-Gengou medium

A

Bordatella pertussis

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34
Q

requires hematin (X factor) and NAD (V factor) to grow

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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35
Q

most common gram-negative causes of endocarditis in non-IV drug users

A 
HACEK group
H - Haemophilus
A - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
C - Cardiobacterium
E - Eikenella
K - Kingella
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36
Q

requires silver stain for visualization

A

Legionella pneumophila

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37
Q

grown on buffered charcoal yeast extract with added cysteine and iron

A

Legionella pneumophila

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38
Q

cat scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

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39
Q

trench fever

A

Bartonella quintana

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40
Q

undulating fever

A

Brucella species

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41
Q

rabbits are main reservoir

A

Francisella tularensis

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42
Q

transmission through dog or cat bites

A

Pasteurella multocida

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43
Q

Ghon complexes visualized on CXR

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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44
Q

main reservoir is armadillos

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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45
Q

only approved use of thalidomide in US

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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46
Q

visualized through Wright or Giemsa stain

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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47
Q

relapsing fever (fever every ~8 days followed by drenching sweats)

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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48
Q

ice tong morphology

A

Leptospira interrogans

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49
Q

transplacental infectious agents

A 
TORCHES
T - Toxoplasma gondii
O - others
R - Rubella
C - Cytomegalovirus
HE - Herpes, (HIV)
S - Syphilis
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50
Q

requires dark field microscopy to visualize

A

Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

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51
Q

possible complication includes Reiter’s syndrome (“can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree”)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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52
Q

only rickettsial disease without a skin rash

A

Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)

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53
Q

only bacteria without a cell wall

A

Mycoplasma species

54
Q

produce cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

55
Q

fried egg appearance of colonies

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

56
Q

rash sparing hands, head, and feet

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (endemic typhus)

57
Q

main reservoir is flying squirrels

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

58
Q

rash that spreads centrally from extremities

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

59
Q

spread by Dermacentor tick

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)

60
Q

spread by chiggers (mite larvae)

A

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

61
Q

flaccid paralysis

A

Picornaviridae enterovirus (poliovirus)

62
Q

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

A

Picornaviridae enterovirus (coxsackievirus A)

63
Q

smoker with a viral illness who suddenly doesn’t want to smoke

A

Picornaviridae enterovirus (hepatitis A virus)

64
Q

lots of diarrhea on cruise/Navy ship

A

Caliciviridae calicivirus (norovirus)

65
Q

lots of dead crows

A

Flaviviridae flavivirus (West Nile virus)

66
Q

cryoglobulin formation

A

Flaviviridae (hepatitis C virus)

67
Q

descending rash after fever

A

Togaviridae rubivirus (rubella virus)

68
Q

endemic to Native American populations

A

HTLV-2

69
Q

only RNA virus that replicates in nucleus

A

Orthomyxovirus (influenza)

70
Q

Reyes syndrome after administration of aspirin -> underlying disease?

A

Orthomyxovirus (influenza) or Herpesviridae varicellovirus (chickenpox)

71
Q

Koplik’s spots (small red based blue-white centered lesions in mouth)

A

Paramyxoviridae morbillivirus (measles/rubeola)

72
Q

croup with steeple sign on CXR

A

Paramyxoviridae paramyxovirus/rubuluvirus (croup)

73
Q

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

A

Paramyxoiridae morbillivirus (measles/rubeola)

74
Q

only live viral vaccine that can be given to HIV(+) patients

A

MMR

75
Q

Warthin-Finkeldey cells (multinucleated giant cells with inclusion bodies in nucleus and cytoplasm)

A

pathopneumonic for measles

76
Q

Negri bodies (eosinophilic collections of virions in cytoplasm) in hippcampus, Purkinje cells

A

pathopneumonic for rabies

77
Q

contact with mouse urine/feces

A

Bunyaviridae hantavirus

78
Q

grainy appearance on microscopy

A

Arenaviridae arenavirus

79
Q

only dsRNA virus

A

REOvirus (Respiratory Enteric Orphan)

80
Q

only virus with ribozyme genome

A

hepatitis D virus

81
Q

Tzanck prep reveals multinucleated giant cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies called Cowdry bodies

A

Herpesviridae simplexvirus (HSV 1/2)

82
Q

elevated heterophile Abs and atypical (Downey) lymphocytes on blood smear

A

Herpesviridae lymphocryptovirus (Epstein-Barr virus)

83
Q

maculopapular rash following administration of amoxicillin/ampicillin

A

Herpesviridae lymphocryptovirus (Epstein-Barr virus)

84
Q

pizza pie appearance on ophthlamoscopy

A

Herpesviridae cytomegalovirus retinitis

85
Q

most common viral cause of mental retardation in US

A

Herpesviridae cytomegalovirus

86
Q

owl’s eye intranuclear inclusions found in tissues/urine

A

Herpesviridae cytomegalovirus

87
Q

“dew drops on a rose petal” rash appearance

A

Herpesviridae variellovirus and HSV1/2

88
Q

post-coital bleeding: buzzword for?

A

cervical cancer (likely HPV 16 or 18 infection)

89
Q

only ssDNA (-) virus

A

Parvoviridae erythrovirus (parvovirus B19)

90
Q

five most common pediatric diseases with rash

A 
measles
rubella
scarlet ever
roseola
erythema infectiosum/5th disease
91
Q

slapped cheek rash

A

parvovirus B19/erythema infectiosum

92
Q

only DNA virus that replicates in cytoplasm

A

Poxviridae

93
Q

dumbbell shaped core

A

Poxviridae orthopoxvirus (smallpox)

94
Q

only partially dsDNA virus

A

Hepadnaviridae orthohepadnavirus (hepatitis B virus)

95
Q

Mississippi river valley and bat caves

A

Histoplasmosis

96
Q

Mississippi river valley up to the Great Lakes

A

Blastomycosis

97
Q

broad based budding

A

Blastomycosis

98
Q

Southwestern United States (fungus)

A

Coccidioides

99
Q

spaghetti and meatballs appearance on KOH prep

A

Malassezia furfur

100
Q

fluorescence under Wood’s (UV) light

A

Microsporum species (tinea)

101
Q

cigar shaped budding yeast

A

Sporothrix schenckii

102
Q

acute angle branching, septated hyphae with fruiting body morphology

A

Aspergillus

103
Q

substance found in peanuts, grains, and rice

A

Aflatoxin (associated with Aspergillus)

104
Q

pigeon droppings

A

Cryptococcus

105
Q

requires India ink stain to visualize

A

Cryptococcus

106
Q

“soap bubble lesions” in brain on imaging

A

Cryptococcus

107
Q

mucicarmine or silver stain to visualize

A

Cryptococcus

108
Q

broad, non-septate, right angle branching hyphae

A

Mucormycosis/rhizopus

109
Q

flying saucer appearing fungus

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

110
Q

ground glass appearance of lungs on CXR

A

Pneumocystic jiroveci

111
Q

“anchovy paste” within liver abscesses

A

Entamoeba histolytica

112
Q

trophozoites with endocytosed RBCs

A

Entamoeba histolytica

113
Q

cat feces

A

Toxoplasma gondii

114
Q

ring enhancing lesions in brain on MRI

A

Toxoplasma gondii

115
Q

“Swiss cheese” appearance on head CT

A

Neurocysticercosis (caused by Taenia ingestion)

116
Q

unique Gram (+) with endotoxin?

A

Listeria

117
Q

salmon tinged sputum

A

Staph aureus

118
Q

1 cause of contaminated blood cultures

A

Staph epidermidis

119
Q

poultry, eggs, or reptiles

A

Salmonella

120
Q

rose spots on abdomen

A

Salmonella

121
Q

symptoms appear much like appendicitis/mesenteric lymphadenitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

122
Q

burn patient

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

123
Q

viral syndrome + conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

124
Q

moth eaten esophagus

A

Candida esophagitis

125
Q

impressively unimpressive CSF with a really high opening pressure

A

Cryptococcus

126
Q

“Valley fever”

A

Coccidioidomycosis

127
Q

mariner’s wheel on culture

A

Paracoccidioides brasilliensis (South American blastomycosis)

128
Q

coin lesion on lung imaging

A

Dirofilaria immitis

129
Q

Salmonella in urine means what?

A

look for Schistosomiasis infection (Schisto is itself colonized by Salmonella!)

130
Q

seizure in a Mexican

A

Neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium)

131
Q

smoker and COPD

A

Haemophilus influenzae

132
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

GI malignancy

PBD (3 decks)

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