Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology and Parasitology > Microbiology and Parasitology ( L1-8) > Flashcards

Microbiology and Parasitology ( L1-8) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

it is the study of small living things that are too small to be visible with the naked eye.

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

He was the first person to see live bacteria and protozoa.
-Father of Bacteriology
-Father of Protozoology
-His fine art of grinding lenses made him magnify objects 200-300 times its
size, hence, gave him a peak to thousands of tiny creatures he had never seen
before.

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He discovered forms of life that could exist in the absence of oxygen. He introduced the terms
“aerobes” (organisms that require oxygen) and “anaerobes”
(organisms that do not require
oxygen).

A

Louis Pasteur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is specializes in the study of structure, functions, and activities of bacteria.

A

Bacteriologist (Bacteriology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

studies the various types of algae.

A

Phycologist (Phycology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

studies protozoa and its corresponding activities.

A

Protozoologist (Protozoology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

specializes in the study of fungi

A

Mycologist (Mycology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

study viruses and their effects on living cells of all types.

A

Virologist (Virology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

study how microorganisms interact with the environment and each other.

A

Environmental microbiologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

study and solve problems related to industrial production processes.

A

Industrial microbiologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examine specimens to track, control, and prevent communicable diseases and other health hazards.

A

Public health microbiologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

study the life cycle of parasites, the parasite-host relationship, and how parasites adapt to different environments.

A

Parasitologists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

involves the use of microorganisms in the industry/commercial enterprises.

A

Biotechnology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

involves the use of microorganisms to clean up environmental wastes

A

Bio remediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is concerned with epidemiology, transmission of pathogens, disease- prevention measures, treatment of infectious diseases, and production of vaccines.

A

Clinical Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

involves the study of ancient microbes

A

Paleo microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

focuses on parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods.

A

Parasitology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An optical instrument used to observe tiny objects, often objects that cannot be seen by unaided eye

A

Microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

power is the amount of fine detail that can be seen

A

Resolution or Resolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Power is enlarging an image.

A

Magnification or Magnifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Containing 1 magnifying lens

A

Simple Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Contains more than one magnifying lens

A

Compound Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Observe unstained living mcgs, because the light refracted by living cells is different from light refracted by the surrounding medium.

A

Phase-Contrast Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contains a built-in UV light source

A

Fluorescence Microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enable scientists to study the internal structures of the cell

A

Electron Microscope:
TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

-Magnifies: 5 to ~500,000 time; sharp images of surface features
- Observe outer surfaces of specimen

A

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens.

A

Electron Microscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the virus is ‘quiescent’ (a state in which the virus is not replicating)

A

Latent Virus Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Drugs used to treat viral Infections

A

Antiviral Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Viruses that cause cancer

A

Oncogenic Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

-Cause of AIDS
* is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

An extremely large double- stranded DNA virus recovered from amoebas.

A

Mimivirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • serious crop losses worldwide
  • Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
    discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898.
A

Plant Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

infectious RNA molecules that cause a variety of plant diseases.

A

VIROIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

infectious protein molecules that cause a variety of animal and human diseases.

A

PRIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Passing the smear through a
Bunsen burner flame

A

Heat Fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Flooding the smear with
absolute methanol for 30 seconds

A

METHANOL FIXATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

sufficient to determine bacterial shape and morphologic arrangement.

A

Simple stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

use more than one stain, and
cells will have a different
appearance based on their
chemical or structural
properties.

A

Differential stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

a laboratory test that determines if a sample of tissue, blood, or other body substance is infected with the bacteria that causes tuberculosis and other illnesses.

A

The acid-fast stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Associated with the presence of flagella or axial filaments; some by gliding on secreted slime

A

Motility- able to “swim” = motile

42
Q

A mound or pile of bacteria on a solid culture medium is known as a bacterial colony.

A

Colony morphology

43
Q

require an atmosphere
containing molecular
oxygen in concentrations comparable to that found
in room air (20 – 21%)

A

Obligate aerobes

44
Q

also require oxygen
for multiplication, but in
concentrations lower than that found in room air.

A

Microaerophiles

45
Q

-that do not require oxygen for life and reproduction.
-they vary in their sensitivity to oxygen.
-obligate anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe, and facultative anaerobe.

A

Anaerobes

46
Q

can only grow in an anaerobic environment

A

Obligate anaerobes

47
Q

do not require oxygen, grow better in the absence of oxygen, but can survive in atmospheres containing molecular oxygen (such as air and a CO2 incubator).

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

48
Q

capable of surviving in either the presence or absence of oxygen; anywhere from 0% O2 to 20% - 21% O2.

A

Facultative anaerobes

49
Q

capable of surviving in either the presence or absence of oxygen; anywhere from 0% O2 to 20% - 21% O2.

A

Facultative anaerobes

50
Q

capable of surviving in either the presence or absence of oxygen; anywhere from 0% O2 to 20% - 21% O2.

A

Facultative anaerobes

51
Q

grow better in the laboratory in the presence of increased concentrations of
CO2.

A

Capnophiles

52
Q

Certain microbes have specific vitamin requirements and some need organic substances secreted by other living microorganisms during their growth.

A

Nutritional Requirements

53
Q

emolysis: incomplete lysis of RBC -
Greenish, cloudy zone around the colony.

A

Alpha ( a )

54
Q

hemolysis: complete lysis of RBC - A

A

Beta ( b)

55
Q

hemolysis: no lysis of RBC - No change in the blood agar around the colony.

A

Gamma ( g)

56
Q

-Enable bacteria to cause disease
Genetic Composition
-molecular diagnostic procedures

A

Pathogenicity

57
Q

obligate intracellular
pathogens that cause
diseases in humans and
other animals.

A

Gram

58
Q
  • Not related to rickets – Vitamin D deficiency
  • leaky cell membranes, mostrickettsias must live inside another cell
A

Rickettsia

59
Q

-obligate intracellular bacteria
-Energy parasites

A

Chlamydias

60
Q

-obligate intracellular bacteria
-Energy parasites

A

Chlamydias

61
Q
  • smallest of the cellular microbes
  • Pleiomorphic
  • Difference with other CWD: no matter how favorable the condition is mycoplasmas cannot produce cell wall.
A

Mycoplasma

62
Q

eukaryotic
organisms, usually
unicellular and colonial,
that photosynthesize with
chlorophyll a

A

Algae

63
Q

unicellular
eukaryotes that lack tissues
and share similarities in cell
structure, nutrition, life
cycle, and biochemistry

A

Protozoa

64
Q

Unicellular, microscopic: diatoms, dinoflagellates, desmids

A

Algae

65
Q
  • Contains chloroplast
  • Has stigma and flagellum
  • Desmids and the microscopic
    banana
A

The Green Algae

66
Q

Single-celled free-living microorganisms

A

PROTOZOA

67
Q

Move by means of
Cytoplasmic extensions called
pseudopods

A

Amebae

68
Q
  • Movement thru cilia
  • Oarlike motion
A

Ciliates

69
Q
  • Common pond water ciliates
  • With both pellicle and cytostome
A

Paramecium spp.

70
Q
  • Pond water ciliates
  • Contractile stalk
  • myoneme
A

Vorticella spp.

71
Q
  • move by means of whiplike flagella.
  • Trypanosoma brucei
    subspecies gambiense&raquo_space; African
    Sleeping Sickness
A

Flagellates

72
Q

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
* goal: self-propagation and dispersal
* undetected by the rest of the colony
* fungi have to keep host populations in
check: few ants in a colony are infected

A

Cordyceps

73
Q
  • budding, hyphal extension, or the formation of spores.
A

Reproduction

74
Q

are microscopic, single
-celled organisms that usually
reproduce by budding.

A

YEASTS

75
Q

a living organism,
which takes its nourishment
and other needs from a host

A

Parasite

76
Q

lives on the outer surface of its host

A

Ectoparasite

77
Q

live inside the body of their host

A

Endoparasites

78
Q

completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle

A

Obligate Parasite

79
Q

exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and hence does not absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting to it if placed on a host.

A

Facultative parasite

80
Q

when a parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives.

A

accidental parasite

81
Q

wanders into an organ it is not usually found.

A

Erratic parasite

82
Q

-harbors parasite in adult stage
-The host harboring the
parasite in its sexual phase

A

Definitive host

83
Q

Larval stage

A

Intermediate host

84
Q

temporary refuge and vehicle

A

Paratenic host

85
Q

makes parasite available for
transmission

A

Reservoir host

86
Q

naturally infected

A

Natural host

87
Q

under normal circumstances is not infected with the parasite.

A

Accidental host:

88
Q

The host harboring
the parasite in its non-sexual phase

A

Intermediate host

89
Q

makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection.

A

Reservoir host

90
Q

a host that is naturally infected
with certain species of parasite.

A

Natural host

91
Q

canis is a worm whose
natural hosts are the cat and the dog.

A

Toxocara

92
Q

a host that is under normal
circumstances not infected with the parasite

A

Accidental host

93
Q

a living carrier (may be
an arthropod) that transports a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non-infected host.

A

Vector

94
Q

both partners are
metabolically dependent upon each other and one
cannot live without the help of the other; however, none
of the partners suffers any.

A

Mutualism

95
Q

the commensal takes the benefit without causing injury to the
host.

A

Commensalism

96
Q

one of the
partners is harmed and
the other lives at the
expense of the other.

A

Parasitism

97
Q

Morphological, biochemical changes, complex life cycle, immune evasionm and direct and indirect impact.

A

Parasitic Adaptations

98
Q

may be inflicted
by a parasite by means of pressure as it grows larger, e.g. Hydatid cyst

A

Mechanical injury

99
Q

Deleterious effect of toxic
substances-

A

Plasmodium
falciparum

100
Q

Tissue
damage may be caused by immunological response of the host, e.g. nephritic syndrome following Plasmodium infections.

A

Immunological reaction

Microbiology and Parasitology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions