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PLE Sample Exams > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

This cytokine is known to be released during viral infections to increase resistance of uninfected cells against invading pathogen. A recombinant form of it is included as one of the WHO SOLIDARITY trial investigation drugs for COVID-19

A

Interleukin-6

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2
Q

With regards antigen presentation, MHC class I molecules usually present peptides derived from _____ compartment, whereas MHC class II molecules usually present peptides derived from _____ compartment.

A

Intracellular; extracellular

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3
Q

Defining cytokine of TH2 differentiation

A

IL-4

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4
Q

Type of Transplant Rejection - Preformed donor antibodies are directed against host antigens

A

Hyperacute rejection

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5
Q

Tinea nigra. The etiologic agent of this is

A

Hortaea (Phaeoannellomyces) werneckii

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6
Q

“big foot” with draining sinuses

black granules are coming out of the sinuses

A

Mycetoma

Madurella grisea

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7
Q

Host structures is the implicated SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme II

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8
Q

Genetic transfer involving mobilization of genes through bacteriophage

A

Transduction

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9
Q

commonly employed sterilizing temperature used for laboratories for sterilizing culture media, liquids, and surgical instruments

A

121 deg C for 15 minutes

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10
Q

Emerging disease- animal carrier

SARS:
H1N1:
MERS:
COVID-19:

A

SARS: Bats
H1N1: Pigs
MERS: Dromedary camels
COVID-19: Bats

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11
Q

What virulence factor may be considered primarily responsible for the development of cellulitis, beginning from a small furuncle

A

Hyaluronidases

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12
Q

What is the most frequent cause of Ascaris-related bowel obstruction?

A

Multiple worms forming a large bolus, resulting in mechanical obstruction of the bowel lumen

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13
Q

The adult stage of which parasite is described to have attenuated anterior portion and a fleshy posterior portion?

A

Trichuris trichiura

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14
Q

Which adult nematode is larviparous, which means it produces larva rather than ova?

A

Trichinella spiralis

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15
Q

Chronic cough of one month. Sputum culture reveals colonies first observed after two weeks of incubation. The colonies appear rough, dry, and buff colored. What is the most likely organism?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

What is the reason behind the satellite growth of Haemophilus influenzae around colonies of Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar

A

Supply of factor V

17
Q

Also known as McClung-Toabe agar, this agar serves as a differential medium useful in the detection of lecithinase activity such as in Clostidium perfringens

A

Egg yolk agar

18
Q

Which profile correctly describes the biological activities of this tetanospasmin when treated with formaldehyde?

A

(-) neurotoxicity, (+) antigenicity

19
Q

Which is the usual site of GABHS replication in scarlet fever?

A

Pharynx

20
Q

Gram positive rod, cold, narrow zone of B hemolysis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

21
Q

Multinucleated Warthin-Finkeldey cells pathognomonic of rubeola are formed due to the production of a viral protein similarly expressed by which virus

A

Parainfluenza

22
Q

multifunctional protein encoded by the Hepadnavirus genome that is thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis?

A

HBx

23
Q

According to the WHO, which is the most common life- threatening opportunistic infection affecting people living with HIV?

A

Tuberculosis

24
Q

only prokaryotes with sterols in their
cytoplasmic membrane, but they do not synthesize their own
sterols

A

Mycoplasma sp.

25
Q

It lacks a cell wall but has 70S ribosomes.

A

Mycoplasma species

26
Q

Toxins of enterotoxic Gram-negative bacteria are transferred outside of the cell by:

A

Protein secretion systems

27
Q

What rapid test commonly used on Gram-negative rods rules out Enterobacteriaceae if positive?

A

Oxidase

28
Q

aerobic, filamentous gram positive
rods with aerial
hyphae

A

Nocardia

29
Q

Which virulence factor is most important in colonization and maintenance of Pseudomonas in the lungs

A

Polysaccharide slime

30
Q

What primarily differentiates bacterial cells from fungal cells?

A

Smaller size and absence of a nuclear membrane

31
Q

The most common cause of congenital infections

A

CMV

32
Q

Which serological marker should be monitored to determine if

the blood contains the infectious virus?

A

HBeag

33
Q

How is Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke) most likely transmitted to humans?

A

Fish ingestion

34
Q

What organism (besides Trypanosoma brucei) is noted for its antigenic variation that leads to its ability to repeatedly re-infect the same person and cause disease and has led to difficulty in vaccine development? Estimates of number of different serotypes are well over 1 million.

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

PLE Sample Exams (12 decks)

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