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Year 3 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What causes strawberry appearance of the cervix?

A

Trichomonoiasis

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2
Q

Which STI causes extravasation of urine into the urethra?

A

Gonorrhoea

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3
Q

What is a chancre?

A

Ulcer seen on the penis in primary syphillis

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4
Q

Treatment for gonorrohea

A

IM ceftriaxone + PO azithromycin

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5
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

PO doxycyline 100mg BD 7 days

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6
Q

Treatment for trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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7
Q

Treatment for candidiasis

A

Fluconazole

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8
Q

What pathogen causes syphillis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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9
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Gram -ve intracellular coccus - resists neutro killing
Asx in females
Males - golden pus formation

culture bacteria from urethral/cervical swab or PCR on 1st morning void

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10
Q

Chlamydia

A

Very simple smal bacterium - obligate intracellular multiplication
Serotype D-K = GU
Serotype A-C = trachoma (eyelids)

PCR on 1st voided urine

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11
Q

Trichomoniasis symptoms

A

Females - green/itchy/frothy discharge, vulval itch, offensive odour, abdo pain, strawberry cervix

Males = asx or discharge + dysuria

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12
Q

Syphillis

A

Primary - affects genitals + causes painless ulcers that dissapear in 3-4wks if ignored.. spreads

secondary - affects hands where see painless rashes on palms, if ignored.. spread

tertiary - neurosyphillis resulting in peripheral neuropathy and destruction of dorsal columns - paralysis + personality effects

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13
Q

Urethral sx of UTI

A

Burning, stinging at meatus, desire to micturate/frequency, dysuria

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14
Q

Bladder sx of UTI

A

suprapubic heaviness/tenderness

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15
Q

Pyelonephritis sx

A

Unilateral loin pain, rigors, bacteraemia, pyrexia, leucocytosis

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16
Q

Uncomplicated UTI organisms

A

E coli (80%)
Streptococci
Chlamydiae
Proteus mirabilis

17
Q

Complicated UTI organisms

A 
E coli (20%)
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
18
Q

Tx for UTI

A

Simple - trimethoprim/nitrofurantoin

Pylenophretis - ciprofloxacin/co-amoxiclav

19
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Stain purple with gram stain
Simple cell wall but thick peptidoglycan layer

Streptococcus, staphylococcus, bacillus, clostridium, listeria

20
Q

Staph aureus

A

Gram +ve, golden colonies under microscope (cluster of grapes)

21
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Gram +ve cocci, ability to lyse RBCs

22
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Stain pink with gram stain
Complex cell wall

E.coli, neisseria gonorrhoea, helicobacter

23
Q

Impetigo

A

Epidermis infection
Golden crusts over erythematous skin
Staph aureus
Flucloxacillin

24
Q

Folliculitis

A

infection of hair follicles
Staph aureus
Fluclox

25
Q

Furunculosis

A

Deep inflam lesion progressing from a folliculitis

Fluclox

26
Q

Carbuncle

A

Extends into subcut later of skin + develops multiple abscesses that are separated by connective tissue
Fluclox

27
Q

Acute paronchia

A

Skin infection arising from nail

Fluclox

28
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute, spreading inflammation of lower dermis + associated subcut layer of skin

Commonly staph aureus
Oral pen V and flucloxacillin

29
Q

Necrotising fasciitis

A

Bacteria enter fascial plane following trauma - causing inflammatory response

3 stages:
Early - skin trauma with pain, flu like sx, thirst
Advanced - swelling, large violet blotches, mottled flaky appearance
Critical - hypoTN, toxic shock, unconscious

30
Q

Gas gangrene

A

Clostridium perfringens - produces toxins causing tissue death

More common in underlying BV disease, DM or CRC

31
Q

Surgical site infections

A

20% of nosocomial infections

Must occur within 30d or 1yr if implant

32
Q

Acute osteomyelitis

A

Infection of bone following trauma, surgery or haematogenous route

Can be acute or chronic

Flucloxacillin 4-6wks if acute, 12wks if chronic

33
Q

What are the main components of bacteria that abx target?

A

Cell wall - beta lactams, glycopeptides

Protein synthesis - tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides

Folate synthesis - sulphonamides

DNA synthesis - quinolones or metronidazole

34
Q

Symptoms of typical CAP

A

Fever, purulent sputum production, chest pain

35
Q

Symptoms of atypical CAP

A

Dyspnoea, cough, minimal sputum production, systemic upset

36
Q

Infections of the epidermis

A

Folliculitis
Impetigo
Furuncolosis

37
Q

Infections of the dermis

A

Carbunculosis

38
Q

Infections of the subcutaneous layer

A

Cellulitis

Necrotising fasciitis

Year 3 (14 decks)

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