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WJEC A Level Biology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What advantage does having a plasmid often give prokaryotes

A

Plasmids usually contain genes for antibiotic resistance

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2
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Binary Fission

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3
Q

How can bacteria be classified

A 
Shape
Groupings
Gram staining
Respiration type
Response to nutritional changes
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4
Q

What is the name for spherical bacteria

A

Cocci/Coccus

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5
Q

What is the name for rod-shaped bacteria

A

Bacilli/Bacillus

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6
Q

What is the name for spiral shaped bacteria

A

Spirilli/Sprirllum

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7
Q

What is the name for comma shaped bacteria

A

Vibria/vibrio

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8
Q

What is the name for bacteria grouped in pairs

A

Diplo

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9
Q

What is the name for bacteria grouped in clusters

A

Staphylo

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10
Q

What is the name for bacteria grouped in chains

A

Strepto

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11
Q

Describe gram+ cell walls

A

Thick peptidoglycan layer

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12
Q

Describe gram- cell walls

A

Thin peptidoglycan layer, extra lipopolysaccharide and protein layer

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13
Q

Which type of bacteria retain the Gram test dye and why

A

Gram positive because they have simpler cell walls that the dye can bind to

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14
Q

Give two examples of gram+ bacteria

A

Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

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15
Q

Give two examples of gram- bacteria

A

E-coli

Salmonella

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16
Q

What are obligate aerobes

A

Only grow in the presence of oxygen as they respire aerobically

17
Q

What are obligate anaerobes

A

Only grow where there is no oxygen as they only respire anaerobically

18
Q

What are facultative anaerobes

A

These can grow in non oxygen conditions but thrive in oxygen

19
Q

What are phototrophs

A

Obtain energy from sunlight and photosynthesise either using water or hydrogen sulfide

20
Q

What are organotrophs

A

Oxidise organic compounds eg, glucose

21
Q

What are lithotrophs

A

Oxidise inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide. Can often synthesise carbohydrates from CO2

22
Q

Name three methods of counting cells

A

Haemocytometer
Dilution plating
Turbidity meter/Colorimeter

23
Q

What type of cell count does a haemocytometer give you

A

Total count

24
Q

What type of cell count does a colorimeter/turbidity meter give you

A

Total count

25
Q

What type of cell count does dilution plating give you

A

Viable count

WJEC A Level Biology (16 decks)

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