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3rd Year > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

prevalence of IE

A

2-6 per 100,000

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2
Q

mortality of IE
without treatment
with treatment

A

100%

20%

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3
Q

most common fungus IE in IVDU

A

Candida tropicalis

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4
Q

classic cause of culture negative IE

A

Q fever (coxiella burnetti)

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5
Q

why is Q fever culture negative

A

it is an obligate intracellular bacteria

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6
Q

how are we infected by Q fever

A

spores from dogs, cattle, sheep, goats.

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7
Q

IE types diagnosed by PCR from tissue

A

T. whipplei

Bartonella

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8
Q

most common murmur in IE

A

aortic regurg

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9
Q

classification for diagnosing IE

A

Durack
2 major - echo or culture
1 major 3 minor
5 minor - stigmata, predisposition or fever

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10
Q

which viral hepatitis don’t have vaccine

A

C

E

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11
Q

chronicity of HBV in children and adults

A

90%

5%

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12
Q

treatment of HBV

A

interferon and lamivudine (reverse transcriptase i)

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13
Q

treatment of HCV

A

interferon and ribavirin (RNA transcriptase i)

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14
Q

uncommon sources of hepatitis

A

adenovirus
cytomegalovirus
EBV
HSV

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15
Q

serological markers in HBV

A

1 month = HbsAg
2 month = anti-core and HBeAg
3 month = anti-HBe
6 month = anti-HBs

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16
Q

immune clearance phase of HBV

A

ALT goes up

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17
Q

definite of sepsis

A

SOFA score >=2 (goes from 0-4)

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18
Q

definition of SIRS

A 
temp >38 or <36
HR >90
BP <90/60
Glucose >7
WCC >12
RR >20
AMTS <8/10
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19
Q

cytokines in massive peak of inflammation in sepsis

A

TNF
IL1
IL6

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20
Q

cytokine in immunosuppression phase

A

IL10

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21
Q

measles

A

florid maculopapular rash (starts behind ears and spreads)
conjunctivitis
koplik spots
notifiable

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22
Q

rubella

A

aka german measles
togovirus
rash starts on face and then spread but fades after 3-5 days
sub-occipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy
arthritis is a complication

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23
Q

mumps

A

no rash
parotitis
meningitis, orchitis and pancreatitis is complications

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24
Q

antivirals we have against flu

A 
neuraminidase inhibitors (an enzyme that lets viruses slip in and out of cells)
oseltamavir and zanamivir
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25
Q

when are these antiviral seffective

A

within 48 hours of symptoms

26
Q

amoxicillin taste

A

BANANANANANANAS

27
Q

YOUNGS SYNDROME

A

azoospermia, bronchiectasis, rhino sinusitis (due to primary ciliary dyskinesia)

28
Q

kartagners syndrome

A

same as young’s + dextrocardia

29
Q

definition of chronic bronchitis

A

cough for >3 months for at least 2 years

30
Q

most typical CAP

A

strep pneumoniae

31
Q

active TB treatment

A

2 months RIPE
4 months RI

rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrinzamide, ethambutol

32
Q

latent TB treatment

A

3 months RI

33
Q

meningeal TB treatment

A

12 months of treatment + steroids

34
Q

incubation and presentation: b cereus

A

vomiting or diarrhoea

1-6 hours

35
Q

incubation and presentation: s aureus

A

rapid vomiting

1-6 hours

36
Q

incubation and presentation: salmonella

A

watery brown diarrhoea

12-48 hours

37
Q

incubation and presentation: e.coli

A

watery brown diarrhoea

12-48 hours

38
Q

incubation and presentation: shigella

A

dysentry + vomit

48-72 hours

39
Q

incubation and presentation: campylobacter

A

flu-like prodrome followed by ?bloody diarrhoea

48-72 hours

40
Q

incubation and presentation: giardiasis

A

gradual onset prolonged >week brown diarrhoea

>7days

41
Q

incubation and presentation: amoebiasis

A

gradual onset prolonged >week bloody diarrhoea

>7 days

42
Q

hypnozoites

A

P. ovale, P.vivax

43
Q

leishmaniasis

A

sandflies

infect dogs too

44
Q

trypanososmiasis

A

tsetse –> sleeping sickness Africa

Rejuvid bug –> chagas MO,MC,CM

45
Q

treatment of trypanosomiasis

A

arsenic derivatives

46
Q

schistosomiasis in liver

A

S. japonicicum. S. mansoni

47
Q

schistosmiasis in bladder

A

S. haemotobium

48
Q

Urine sample for schistosmiasis

A

terminal urine at midday

49
Q

hydatid disease cause

A

echinococcus tapeworm

50
Q

prevention of neutropenic sepsis

A

prophylactic ciprofloxacin for period of most vulnerability (7-12 days after chemo)

51
Q

rhino cerebral infection

A

mucormycosis (mould)

52
Q

pathogen for osteomyelitis
adult
newborn

A

s. aureus

group B strep (from vagina)

53
Q

early PJI

A

<3 months

54
Q

presentation of PJI

A

rarely with systemic upset

usually new joint becomes stiff and uncomfortable

55
Q

2 stage replacemtn

A

out
6 weeks of Abx
in

56
Q

ecthema

A

secondary to insect bites

57
Q

erisipelas

A

only one cause by group A strep NOT S.aureus

it is a superficial and more circumscribed form of cellulitis

58
Q

types of necrotising fasciitis

A 
1 = polymicrobial
2 = group A strep
59
Q

anti-streptolysin O

A

enzyme for haemolysis in group A strep (can test for it in the lab)

60
Q

who is at risk of anthrax

A

tanners, wool workers, vets, farmers

3rd Year (9 decks)

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