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3rd Year > Bugs and drugs > Flashcards

Bugs and drugs Flashcards

1
Q

MSSA
3d
2a

A

Skin and soft tissue infection
Endocarditis
Toxin-mediated diseases
Rx: flucloxacillin or erythromycin

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2
Q

MRSA
3d
2a
1r

A

Skin and soft tissue infection
Endocarditis
Toxin-mediated diseases
Rx: vancomycin or linezolid (resistant to beta lactams)

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3
Q 
Staphylococcus epidermidis
commensal
1d
1a
1r
A

Skin commensal
Device associated infections (prosthetic valve endocarditis)
Rx: 50% flucloxicillin resistant. regimen depends on sensitivity. Combinations include rifampicin

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4
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
1d
2a

A

UTI in young women

Rx: Flucloxacillin or nitrofurantoin

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5
Q 
Enterococcus
commensal
3d
2a
2r
A

Commensal of GI and GU
UTI
Endocarditis
Polymicrobial infection after perforation
Rx: Amoxicillin (B. faecalis) or vancomycin (B. faecium)
(resistent to cephalosporin, with some vancomycin resistant enterococci, too)

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6
Q 
Strep pneumoniae
appearance?
commensal
2d
2a
1r
vaccine?
A 
Draughtsman colonies
pharyngeal commensals
CAP
Meningitis
Vaccines available
Rx: Benzyl penicillin (IV) or amoxicillin (penicillin resistent)
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7
Q 
Strep viridans
commensal
4 types
1d
2a
A

Pharyngeal commensals
Includes S.mitis, S.oralis, S,salivarius, S.mutans
Native valve endocarditis
Rx: Benzyl penicillin (IV) with synergistic gentamicin

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8
Q

Group A strep
6d
Recent infection marker?
3a

A

Strep pyogenes
pharyngitis/strep throat
skin and soft tissue infections (necrotising fasciitis)
rheumatic/scarlet fever
puerpural sepsis
ASOT/DNAse B suggests recent infection
Rx: penicillin (V) for pharyngitis, benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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9
Q

Group B strep
commensal
5d
3a

A 
Strep agalactiae
commensal of female GU tract
UTI
Neonatal sepsis/meningitis
endocarditis
septic arthritis 
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) + gent if severe or amoxicillin
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10
Q

Group C strep
3 types
2d
2a

A

S. equi, S. equisimilus, S.zooepiodemicus.
Pharyngitis
skin and soft tissue infections
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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11
Q

Group D
2 types
2d
2a

A

enterococcus and Strep bovis (endocarditis + associated with colon cancer)
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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12
Q

Group F
3 types + special name
1d
2a

A

“milleri group”
S.anginosus, S.constellatus, S.intermedius.
intra-abdominal abscess, often polymicrobial.
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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13
Q

Group G
1d
2a

A

S.dysgalactiae
Skin and soft tissue infections
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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14
Q

Nocardia
1s
4d
1a

A

Partially acid fast
pulmonary, cutaneous and systemic infections including brain abscesses
Rx: Co-trimoxazole

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15
Q

Actinomyces
2d
2a

A

IUCD-related infections
Cervicofacial infections
Rx: Benzyl pen (IV) or amoxicillin

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16
Q

bacillus anthracis
1d
3 toxins
2a

A

anthrax
3 toxins: oedema factor (EF), protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF). PA+EF = oedema toxin, PA+LF = necrosis toxin.
Rx: Benzyl pen or ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

bacillus cereus
1d
timeline?

A

food poisoning
1-5 hours after eating rice
D&V that lasts 8-16 hours and is self-limiting

18
Q

clostridium botulism
transmission?
2d
4a

A 
classically food borne
infant botulism from honey
wound botulism from IVDU
Rx: anti-toxin
in wound botulism need debridement +/- benzyl pen or metronidazole
19
Q

clostridium difficile
2d
2a

A

antibiotic associated diarrhoea
pseudomembranous colitis
Rx: metronidazole or vancomycin

20
Q

Clostridium perfringens
3d
3a

A

self-limiting food poisoning
pigbel necrotising enteritis
gas gangrene
Rx: debridement + benzyl pen or metronidazole

21
Q 
clostridium tetani
appearance?
1d
vaccine?
2a
A

resembles drumsticks
tetanus = spasms and resp failure
vaccinate children
Rx: HTIG + metronidazole

22
Q 
corynebacterium 
shape
commensal
1d
vaccine?
3a
A

club shaped
non-diphtheria strains are commensal
C. diphtheria causes diphtheria (respiratory [grey plaque on throat] or cutaneous lesion)
diphtheria toxin vaccine
Rx: horse diphtheria antitoxin plus penicillin or erythromycin

23
Q 
Listeria monocytogenes
motile?
positive for?
source?
3d
2a
1r
A 
tumbling motility
beta haemolytic
food-borne
listeriosis in pregnancy
neonatal listeriosis
listeria meningitis
Rx: amoxicillin and gentamicin (cephalosporin resistant)
24
Q

helicobacter pylori
positive for 2 things?
1d
2 lines of treatment

A

oxidase positive
strongly urease positive
gastric ulcer disease
1st line = PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin
2nd line = PPI, bismuth, tetracycline, metronidazole

25
Q 
campylobacter
positive for?
source?
1d
3a
A

oxidase positive
food borne illness
bloody diarrhoea
Rx: usually self limiting but can use erythromycin or ciprofloxacin if needed

26
Q 
Vibrio cholera
positive for?
source
1d
2a
A 
oxidase positive
food borne illness 
watery diarrhoea 
cholera toxin
Rx: hydration and tetracycline
27
Q 
Brucella
source
goats
sheep
cattle
positive for?
2a
A 
Zoonotic
B.melitensis = goats/sheep
B.abortus = cattle
slow growing
urease positive
Rx: gentamicin plus rifampicin
28
Q

Bortadella pertussis
1d
diagnosis
1a

A

whooping cough/pertussis
pertussis routine vaccine
per-nasal swabs & grow on Bordet gengou agar
Rx: erythromycin

29
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis
3d
positive for what 2 things?
2a

A 
otitis media
sinusitis
exacerbaiton COPD
Tributyrin positive
Rx: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime (beta-lactamase positive)
30
Q 
Haemophilus influenzae
require what to grow
capsule?
vaccine?
5d
4a
1r
A 
Requires X (haemin) and V (NAD) for in vitro growth
Polysaccharide capsule (serotypes A-F) - Meningitis, Epiglottitis, Hib vaccine

non-capsular strains - otitis media, sinusitis, COPD exacerbation

Rx: amoxicillin or ceftriaxone (meningitis)
5-10% beta lactamase positive - coamoxiclav or cefuroxime

31
Q 
Neisseria meningitidis
shape
capsule
2d
notify?
5a
A 
"meningococcus"
diplococcus
Capsular types A, B, C, W135, Y.
meningitis and septicaemia
notifiable disease
Rx: benzyl pen (IV) or ceftriaxone 
chemoprophylaxis (rifampicin or ciprofloxacin) to household contacts + vaccine
32
Q

neisseria gonorrhoeae
transmission
2d

A

“gonococcus”
sexually transmitted
ophthalmia neonatorum (conjunctivitis during delivery)

33
Q

oral neisseria

commensal?

A

commensal flora

34
Q

bactericides fragilis
commensal?
1d
1a

A

commensal of GI
Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection
Rx: Metronidazole

35
Q 
Psudomonas aeuriginosa
culture?
source?
2d
5a
A

blue-green colour on culture (procyanin & pyoverdin)
environmental
HCAI
Chronic colonisation in CF
Rx: ciprofloxacin, gentamicin or pseudomonal beta lactam (ceftazidime, tazocin, meropenem)
resistence problematic

36
Q

Burkholderia cepacia
source
1r
4a

A

environmental
chronic colonisation in CF
colistin resistant
Rx: ciprofloxacin or pseudomonal beta lactam (ceftazidime, tazocin, meropenem)

37
Q

E. coli
commensal?
3d
3a

A 
Commensal of GU/GI tract
UTI, diarrhoea, HUS (O157)
Rx: UTI = co-amoxiclav or trimethoprim
(increasing rates of ESBL)
Rx other = cefotaxime
38
Q 
Klebsiella pneumoniae
commensal?
2d
2a
1r
A

commensal GI
UTI and LRTI
Rx: co-amoxiclav or ciprofloxacin (amoxicillin resistent - increasing ESBL)

39
Q

Enterobacter cloacae
commensal
2d
3a

A

commensal of GI/GU
UTI and LRTI
Rx: amoxicillin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin

40
Q 
proteus mirabilis
commensal
positive for?
culture?
1d
1a
1r
A 
commensal of GU/GI tract
urease positive
swarming colonies
UTI (staghorn?)
Rx: amoxicillin (nitrofurantoin resistant)
41
Q

acinetobacter spp
commensal
2d
2a

A

commensal of GU/GI
UTI
HCAI
Rx: amoxicillin or ciprofloxacin (increasing rates of MDR)

42
Q 
salmonella
source
3 types
2d
3a
A

food borne diseases
D&V
Rx: usually self limiting

S.typhi and S.paratyphi: bacteraemic illness
Rx: ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone

3rd Year (9 decks)

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