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Year 2 Sepsis > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 steps of organism invasion?

A
  1. Introduction
  2. Establishment
  3. Growth and spread
  4. Impact
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2
Q

What are the 6 steps of pathogenic infection?

A 
Exposure
Adhesion
Invasion
Colonization
Toxicity
Tissue damage + disease
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3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Any microorganism that has the potential to cause disease

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4
Q

Define sepsis?

A

A life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection

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5
Q

What immune system component responds to bacteria?

A

Phagocytes
Antibody and B lymphocytes
Complement

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6
Q

What immune system component responds to viruses?

A

T lymphocytes

Antibody and B lymphocytes

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7
Q

What immune system component responds to fungi?

A

Phagocytes
T lymphocytes
Eosinophils

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8
Q

What immune system component responds to protozoa?

A

T lymphocytes

Eosinophils

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9
Q

What immune system component responds to worms?

A

Eosinophils

Mast cells

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10
Q

Describe the period of communicability

A 
Invasion
Incubation
(sub-clinical infection)
Prodromal period (early symptoms)
Ilness period
Convalescent period
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11
Q

What is alpha haemolysis?

A

Partial haemolysis

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12
Q

What is beta haemolysis?

A

Complete haemolysis

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13
Q

What is gamma haemolysis?

A

No haemolysis

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14
Q

What are some examples of aerobic organisms?

A

Staphylococci
Streptococci
Enterococci
Coliforms

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15
Q

What is the classification of E.coli?

Name some other bacteria in this group

A

Gram -ve bacilli
Lactose +
Fast fermenter

Enterobacter
Klebsiella

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16
Q

What pathogens are commonly found in the mouth?

A

Strep viridans
Neisseria
Anaerobes

Candida
Staphylococci

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17
Q

What pathogens are found in the stomach/duodenum?

A

Usually sterile

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18
Q

Normal flora of the jejunum

A

Coliforms and anaerobes

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19
Q

Normal flora of the colon

A

Coliforms
Anaerobes
Enterococcus faecalis

20
Q

What are coliforms

A

Gram -ve rods e.g. E.coli

21
Q

What is the drug of choice for sepsis and coliforms?

A

Gentamicin
Aztreonam if gentamicin contraindications
Co-trimoxazole for oral switch

22
Q

What is the drug of choice for sepsis and anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

23
Q

What is the drug of choice for sepsis and gram +ve cocci?

A

Amoxicillin
Co-trimoxazole if amox contraindications

Co-trimox for oral switch

24
Q

Name a gram +ve cocci

A

Enterococci

25
Q

What antibiotic can be used to kill enterococci?

A

Vancomycin

26
Q

What is the treatment for a severe C.diff infection?

A

Vancomycin +/- metronidazole

27
Q

What is the treatment for peritonitis/biliary tract/intra-abdominal infection?

A

IV amox, met + gent

28
Q

What is the treatment for proven spontaneous bacterial periotonitis?

A

Severe - pip/taz

Mild - co-trimox

29
Q

What is the classification of haemophilus influenzae?

A

Gram -ve coccobacillus

30
Q

What does haemophilus influenzae grow on?

A

Chocolate agar media

31
Q

Name some atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydophila psittaci
Legionella

32
Q

What do most atypical pneumonias respond to?

A

Doxycycline

33
Q

What pneumonia can people get from sheep and goats?

A

Coxiella burnetii

34
Q

Psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis are common in what pet owners?

A

Bird owners

35
Q

How can atypicals be diagnosed?

A

Serology

PCR

36
Q

How are viruses tested?

A

PCR

37
Q

What test would you do if you suspected legionella?

A

Urine legionella antigen

38
Q

What agar does legionella grow on?

A

BCYE

39
Q

What top bottle should you use for urine culture in the community?

A

Red top

40
Q

What top vacutainer do you use for serology of atypicals?

A

Gold top

41
Q

Name an aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

42
Q

What class of drugs does gentamicin belong to?

A

Aminoglycosides

43
Q

Name a quinolone

A

Levofloxacin

44
Q

What class of drugs does ciprofloxacin belong to?

A

Quinolones

45
Q

What should be monitored when prescribing gentamicin?

A

Renal function

46
Q

What signs/symptoms might a patient who has sepsis have?

A 
V high or low temp
Uncontrolled shivering
Confusion
Cold/blotchy hands/feet
Not passing as much urine as normal

Year 2 Sepsis (7 decks)

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