Microbiology

Question 1

Bacteria size

Answer 1

Always smaller than any eukaryote but bigger than virus

Question 2

Koch postulates

Answer 2

Isolate bacteria, make pure culture, Inject culture in mouse, isolate same bacteria, culture again and observe same symptoms in mouse. Makes connection between a specific microbe and a particular disease

Question 3

Sterile definition

Answer 3

Absence of any life or pathogen, nonpathogenic,good, or bad

Question 4

Inoculation

Answer 4

Purposeful addition of micro organisms into a nutrient medium.

Question 5

Pure culture

Answer 5

Culture that contains only single species of micro organisms

Question 6

Streak isolation

Answer 6

Isolation technique used to find a pure culture

Question 7

2 bacteria being inoculated into a culture medium and only one grew

Answer 7

Selective medium

Question 8

Both bacteria survived and one bacteria changed the color of media and the other didn’t

Answer 8

Differential medium

Question 9

Bacteria requiring specific nutrients

Answer 9

Fastidious

Question 10

Pure culture that results in two distinct colonies

Answer 10

Sample is contaminated

Question 11

One flagella-monotrichous polar (one end)
Two flagella-amphritrichous polar
(On both ends)

Answer 11

Many flagella- lophotrichous polar
(Many on one end)
Many flagella- peritrichous (everywhere, all around)

Question 12

Structure of a flagellum

Answer 12

Basal body-in cell
Hook- sticking out of membrane
Filament-flagellum

Question 13

Grain stain steps

Answer 13

Crystal violet
Iodine
Decolorizer- only gram + remains purple
Safrin

Question 14

Peptidoglycan

Answer 14

Found in cell wall
Large amount found in gram +
Also have teichoic

Question 15

Lysozyme

Answer 15

Produced by body, tears, saliva, sweat, function to break down cell wall

Question 16

Plasmids

Answer 16

Small

Chunks of DNA that often contain genes coding for toxins

Question 17

Endospores

Answer 17

Inbacteria they are no vegetative forms, they are for survival to get through harsh environment. Resistive to dehydration and radiation.

Question 18

Glycocalyx

Answer 18

Associated in cell wall and often called capsule. Made of polysaccharides

Question 19

Chitin

Answer 19

Found in fungi

Question 20

Viral nucleic acids

Answer 20

Can be double stranded, single stranded DNA OR RNA, + or -,

Question 21

DNA replication is in nucleus

Answer 21

RNA replication is in cytoplasm

Question 22

Tropism

Answer 22

Nerve tissue-target tissue

Question 23

Oncovirus

Answer 23

Cause cancer or tumors

Question 24

Long presence without symptoms is latency

Answer 24

Persistent infection if you have symptoms

Question 25

Prophage

Answer 25

Infect cell and embed DNA into cell genome and become part of the cell genome.

Question 26

Lysogenic conversion

Answer 26

Temperate phage will cut its own DNA out and produce a new phage prodigy

Question 27

Autotrophs

Answer 27

Utilizes co2 for carbon

Question 28

Heterotrophs

Answer 28

Utilizes organic molecules as carbon

Question 29

Phototrophs

Answer 29

Use light as energy source

Question 30

Chemotrophs

Answer 30

Use chemicals as energy

Question 31

Heterotroph

Answer 31

Glucose