Body Fluids Flashcards
Glucosuria
Abnormal glucose in urine
DM,alimentary glycosuria
Proteinuria or albuminuria
Abnormal protein in urine
Rental damage, nephritis, bladder infection
Ketonuria
Abnormal ketones in urine
DM, starvation, high fat diets
UTI
Pus leukocytes
Renal or bladder infection
Hemoglobinuria
Abnormal hemoglobin
Lysis of red blood cells
Jaundice
Abnormal bile pigments
Cirrhosis of liver, hepatitis, obstruction of common bile duct
Hyponatremia
Low sodium level <135mEq/L
Extra cellular
Hypernatremia
High sodium levels >155 mEq/L
Extracellular
Hypokalemia
Low potassium levels
<3 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia
High potassium levels
>5.6 mEq/L
Hypocalcemia
Low calcium
Hypercalcemia
High levels of calcium
Hyperchloremia
High levels of Cl causing retention of hydrogen=acidosis
Hypophosphatemia
Low phosphate levels
Failure of muscle and neurological function
Hyperphosphatemia
High phosphate levels
Renal failure and lack of phosphate excretion by kidneys