Microbiology Flashcards
IVDU blood tests
Hep A,B, C and HIV
Hep B tests
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) - current infection
antiHBc (core) IgG - past infection
antiHBS
above are marker for ongoing or previous hepB infections
hepatitis B immunization (antiHBs) is only requested if there is a history of vaccination
Hep C tests
AntiHCV - current or past
groups requiring same immunisation against IVDU diseases
Change sex partners
close family of carriers
mom carriers and baby
regular blood recipients
chronic renal failure and dialysis
chronic liver disease
health care employees
residential accomocation staff
foster parents
prisons
travelers
needle stick injury
things to catch form needle stick injury
hep B C and HIV
needle stick injury first aid
let it bleed
soap and running water
wash eyes with eye wash or water
record source
report to senior
contact OH
preventative measures for needle stick injury
vaccinations of at risk group
prohylaxis of hep B, HIV
hep C early treatment no prophylaxis
appropriate follow up
surgical wound scar suspected infection
wound swab
blood culture
commonest organism of surgical site infection
staphylococcus aureus (meticillin-sensitive) then streptococcus pyogenes
this is when there is no GI tract breach
for this case IV flucloxacillin is a reasonable first line
treating a surgical scar infection with systemic illness
IV Abx broad then if Sx improve provide oral after 48-72 hours
Abx against Meticillin sensitive S. aureus
flucloxacillin
if penicillin allergy
clindamycin, clarithromycin or vancomycin
Abx against streptococcus pyogenes
Benzylpenicillin IV then oral amoxicillin
if penicillin allergy
clindamycin, clarithromycin or vancomycin
Meticillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA)
vancomycin and oral switch to clarithromycin, tetracycline
Causes of prosthetic valve organisims
coagulasenegative staphylococci (31%)
S. aureuscausing 23%
Treatment of coagulas negative staphylococci prosthetic valve infection
vancomycin and rifampicin for 6-8wks
gentamicin the first 2 wks
why coagulasenegative staphylococci happen in prosthetic valve infection
produce exopolysaccharide
pneumonia CXR improvement
after 4 weeks of recovery maybe clear
general signs of infection
fever
tachycardia
hypotension
general signs of infect ulcer
redness
swelling
pain/tender
discharge
lymphadenopathy
treatment of community aqcuired soft tissue infection
flucloxacillin
because organisims are usually staph. aureas or streptococci
when to give vancomycin as first line
when there is MRSA Hx
Severe pyelonephritits
cephalosporin
duration of treatment for pyeloneprhtis
ciprofloxacin 7 days - because of rapid resistance
other Abx 2 weeks
how to diagnose causes of gastroentiritis
stool sample
