Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
Produce disease in the tissue it infects
A
Pathogens
2
Q
Exist without producing disease
A
Non-pathogen
3
Q
Can either exist as a pathogen or non-pathogen depending on concentration, environment or nutrient supply
A
Opportunitistic pathogen
4
Q
Examples of opportunistic pathogens
A
Bacteria in GI tract, Yeast infection
5
Q
Number of microorganisms needed to cause disease
A
Infective dose
6
Q
Some organisms have the type of tissue preferred to infect (if it does not come into contact with specific tissue will not cause disease)
A
Tissue Affinity
7
Q
Pathogens that need to enter the body through defined route to produce disease
A
Portal of entry
8
Q
Example of tissue affinity
A
Rabies
9
Q
Example of portal of entry disease
A
Clostridium tetani
10
Q
Gram negative bacteria within the cell and are excreted when the cell dies
A
Endotoxins
11
Q
Immunizing agents in vaccines; good antigen, excreted from bacteria into the surrounding medium or tissues
A
Exotoxins
12
Q
Basic unit of measurement for bacterial cells
A
Micrometer or micron (u)
13
Q
Intracellular bodies that are resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation
A
Endospores
14
Q
Stain used primarily to detect Mycobacterium and Nocardia species
A
Acid-fast stain
15
Q
Example of basic nutrient media/Enriched media
A
Blood Agar
16
Q
3 types of hemolysis seen on blood agar cultures
A
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
17
Q
Greenish zone around colony
A
Alpha hemolysis on blood agar
18
Q
Clear zone around colony
A
Beta hemolysis on blood agar culture
19
Q
No zone around colony
A
Gamma hemolysis on blood agar culture
20
Q
Media that contain substances that allow growth of one group of organisms and not others
A
Selective Media
21
Q
Example of selective media
A
MacConkey Agar
22
Q
Media that only show gram negative bacteria growth, can identify lactose-fermenting organisms as pinkish red
A
MacConkey Agar
23
Q
Media that display visible differences caused by growth of specific colonies
A
Differential media
24
Q
Examples of differential media
A
Simmons Citrate
TSI (Triple Sugar Iron)
Urea
25
Examples of Enriched media
Thoglycollate Broth
Tripticase soy
26
Liquid media that favor growth of a particular group of organisms
Enriched media
27
Used to grow anaerobic bacteria to determine the oxygen tolerance of microbes
Thioglycollate broth
28
Used to culture for antibiotic susceptibility testing
Tripticase soy
29
What is the goal of streaking culture plates?
To isolate the bacterial colonies
30
What is the catalase test used for?
To differentiate Staphs, Streps, and Coliforms
31
What is the Coagulase test used for?
To tell Staph aureus from environmental staphs
32
What is the CAMP test used for?
To determine environmental strephs from strep agalactiae
33
What are two causes of mastitis?
Bacterial or mycotic organisms
34
What are 3 lab tests that can be used to diagnose mastitis?
CMT, somatic cell count, milk culture
35
How does the CMT test work?
Based on gel formation when the test reagent reacts with DNA in somatic cells
36
What are two common contagious pathogens in milk?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
37
Common pathogens found in milk
Environmental staph/strep, E. coli, Klebsiella
38
Pathogens found in milk that aren't as common
Yeast
Prototheca
Mycoplasma bovis (Contagious)
39
Where is environmental staph found?
On skin and occasionally bedding materials
40
How do cows get environmental staph?
Via poor milking techniques or dirty bedding
\*Not spread cow to cow\*
41
How does Environmental Staph appear on blood agar?
usually gray/white color, usually no hemolysis
42
Environmental Staph catalase/coagulase testing results
Catalase positive
Coagulase negative
43
Where is Staphylococcus aureus found?
On infected udder and dirty bedding
44
How is S. aureus spread?
Via poor milking technique or milking equipment
\*Spread cow to cow!\*
45
How does S. aureus appear on blood agar?
Gray/white color, double zone of beta hemolysis
46
S. aureus catalase/coagulase testing results
Catalse positive
Coagulase positive
47
Gram stain results for S. aureus
Gram positive cocci clusters
48
How are cows infected with environmental strep?
From wet/dirty bedding, milking wet cows
\*Not spread cow to cow\*
49
How does environmental strep appear on blood agar?
gray/white color, smaller than staph, no hemolysis
50
Environmental strep catalase/CAMP results
Catalse negative
CAMP test negative
51
Gram stain results for environmental strep
Gram positive cocci chains
52
Where is Streptococcus agalactiae found?
On cow's udder
53
How is S. agalactiae spread?
During milking procedures
\*Contagious! Spread cow to cow\*
54
How does S. agalactiae appear on blood agar?
gray/white color, smaller than staph colonies, beta hemolysis
55
S. agalactiae catalase/CAMP results
Catalase negative
CAMP positive
56
Gram stain for S. agalactiae
Gram positive cocci chains
57
How is E. coli spread?
Infected through wet/dirty bedding, poor milking technique, humid weather, teat injuries, coliforms
\*Not contagious cow to cow\*
58
E. coli appearance on blood agar
large, gray and round, mucoid, occasionally beta hemolysis
59
E. coli appearance on MacConkey agar
round pink colonies with pink precipitate around the colonies
60
E. coli catalase resultes
catalase negative
61
Gram stain results for E. coli
gram negative rods in chains
62
How are cows infected with Klebsiella?
Infected through wet and dirty bedding, poor milking technique, humd weather, teat injuries, coliforms
\*Not contagious cow to cow\*
63
Klebsiella appearance on blood agar
large, gray and mucoid, occasionally beta hemolysis
64
Klebsiella appearance on MacConkey agar
round pink colonies that look like "fish eyes"
65
Klebsiella catalase results
Catalase negative
66
Gram stain for Klebsiella
gram negative rods in chains
67
Penicillin treatment in cows can cause what?
Yeast infection
68
What can appear like staph on a blood agar?
Yeast infection
69
What is the incubation time for yeast?
48 hours
70
Yeast catalase results
Catalase positive
71
Gram stain results for yeast
Gram positive yeast buds
72
Pathogen in milk considered to be contaminate
Prototheca
73
Looks like wax drops on blood agar
Prototheca
74
Prototheca catalase results
Catalase positive
75
Gram stain results for Prototheca
Large gram positive ovals
76
What can cause a cow's milk to appear "clinical"
Prototheca
77
What infection results in isolating cows for life?
M Bovis
78
Most common bacteria found in colostrum counts
E. coli
79
Used to identify cows with asymptomatic mastitis
Somatic cell count
80
What can cause elevated SCC?
Increased leukocytes
81
The lower the SCC the ____ \_\_\_\_\_ the milk
The more valuable
82
Gram positive cocci
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
83
Identifying characteristics of Staphylococcus
Aerobic
Non-motile, non-spore forming
Resistant to destruction
Present everywhere
84
Staphylococcus mode of transmission
Invade thru injury
High areas of concentrated bacteria
85
What type of infection is Bumble foot?
Staphylococcus
86
What is the public health significance of staph?
Food poisoning, skin infections, post surgical infections
87
Identifying characteristics of Streptococcus
Aerobic
Do not form endospores
Grows best on blood agars
88
Mode of transmission for Strep?
Aerosol, direct contact, fomites, ingestion
89
What Lancefield groups are included in strep?
A-E
90
Sore throat in people
Strep pyogenes
91
Major cause of bovine mastitis
Strep agalactiae
92
Minor cause of mastitis
Strangles in horses
Genital infection, wound infection
Strep agalactiae
Strep equi
Strep zooepidemicus
93
Urinary infections
Infections in young pigs
Strep fecalis, strep equismilis
94
Diarrhea in foals
Cervical lymphadentitis in pigs
Strep duran, strep suis
95
Gram positive Bacilli
Bacillus
Clostridium
Listeria
Erysepilothrix
96
Identifying characteristics of Bacillus
Aerobic
Non-motile
97
Why should Bacillus not be cultured?
Possible Anthrax!
98
Mode of transmission for Bacillus
Inhalation of spores
Ingestion of contaminated feed
Contact with infected tissue
99
Public health significance for Bacillus
Must notify State Animal Health Authority
Spore can live up to 40 years
100
Fever, respiratory distress, bleeding from orifices, and sudden death can all be caused by?
Bacillus
101
Identifying characteristics of Clostridium
Spore forming
Anaerobic
102
Mode of transmission for Clostridium
Wounds
Ingestion
103
What are the two groups of Clostridium?
Invasive and non invasive
104
What are the public health concerns associated with Clostridium
Puncture wounds
Tetanus vaccine
Botulism
Soil contamination
105
Identifying characteristics of Listeria
Aerobic, motile
106
Mode of transmission for Listeria
Soil, feces, genital secretions, moldy hay
107
Catalase test results for Listeria?
Positive
108
Public health significance for Listeria
Tramissible to humans
Secreted in milk
109
Identifying characteristics of Erysipelothrix
Aerobic, Non motile
110
Hemolysis evident on culture of Erysipelothrix
Alpha hemolysis
111
Gram negative facultative Anaerobic Bacilli
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Pasteurella
Hemophilus
Actinobacillus
112
What are the two forms of Salmonella infections?
Septic
Enteric
113
Diseases associated with Klebsiella
Bovine mastitis
Metritis and abortion in horses
114
Diseases associated with E. coli
Infectious colibaccillosis of calves, weanling pigs, lambs
Calf scours
Mastitis
115
Gram negative Aerobic Bacilli
Psuedomonas
Brucella
Bordetella
Francisella
116
Identified by cigar shaped rods, blue-green pigment with fruity odor
Psuedomonas
117
Modes of transmission for Pseudomonas
Contaminated surgical wounds, utensils, and equipment
Common inhabitant of soil and nasal cavity
118
Gram negative cocci or coccobacillus
Moraxella
Fusobacterium and Bacterioides
119
Spiral and curved bacteria
Campylobacter
120
Lumpy jaw in cattle
Actinomyces
121
Johne's disease is associated with what bacteria?
Mycobacterium
