MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards by Zeth Renae Raquedan

FMDV

aphthovirus

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drug resistance from microorganism

biological resistance

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anaerobic atmosphere

5% CO2
10% H2
85% N

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microaerophilic atmosphere

5% O2
10% CO2
85% N2

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confirmed water test

EMB
ENDO
BGBL

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NAFO color

blue (non-acid fast org)

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CSF storage for micro culture

37oC

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CSF transport

rm temp

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CSF storage for viral culture

4oC

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CSF transport for viral culture

-70oC

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optochin other name

taxo P

ethylhydrocupreine HCl

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esculine, 6.5% NaCl and hippurate positive

enterococcus

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MUG test positive coliforms show

blue fluorescence

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PPNG means

penicillinase producing gonococci

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critical in gram stain

decolorization

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betalactaase test is

colorimetric, (+) color change

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Schaudinn test stains

mitochondria (internal) parasite

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largest RNA virus

paramyxovirus

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biochemical tests are

presumptive test

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serotyping is a __________ test

confirmatory

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beta lactamase substrate

nitrocefin

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yersinia enterocolitica selective agar

CIN (Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin)

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this confirms typhoid fever

bone marrow culture

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the presumptive ID of organisms

differential medium

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CMV culture

human embryonic fibroblast

+ in H2O completed test

acid w/ gas

acetamide by product

ammonia

fungal culture of CSF takes _______ days

28-30

how long does household bleach take to kill microorg

10mins

what microscope is used for spirochetes

microscope-fluorescent

which has double zone of hemolysis

C. perfringens

test for influenza and rubella

HA1 test

difficult to stain or microscopy

Leptospira spp

oral normal flora

S. viridans

how to isolate S. aureus on stool

MSA

what component of MSA can ID the S. aureus in stool

7.5% NaCl

used in plasma coagulase test

rabbit/human plasma

BAP, thio, selenite are examples of

enhancement media

positive in bile solubility tests shows

lysis of colony

Babes Ernst granules are seen in

Corynebacterium

iodine + bleach are components of

iodophore

positive lecithinase

C. perfringens

concentration that inhibits bacte

MIC

concentration that kills bacte

MBC/MLC

disinfectant for blood cultures

iodine + 70% alcohol

report water bacte in

MPN (most probable number)

how to dissolve agar

half H2O + agar + half H2O

Duran Reynal is a ______ factor

spreading

ratio of blood:broth

1:5 10mL blood: 50mL broth

kidney bean shaped

Neisseria

curve, gram negative rod medium

CBAP

positive in hair baiting test shows

V shaped perforation

agar for chlamydosphores

corn meal agar

farmer's lung dx is caused by

Aspergillus

Aspergillus causes what

Farmer's lung dx

CNS virus causing encephalitis

rabies virus

rabies virus causes what in CNS

encephalitis

human T-cell lymphotropic viruses

blood serum saliva semen

phenotype ID uses

morphology | biochem

automated phenotype ID uses

vitek 1 and 2

genotype ID uses

DNA-PCR

incubation for aerobic cultures

18-24hrs

incubationf or anaerobic cultures

24-48hrs

used for water bacte, gas detector

durnham tube

these are made of nichrome or platinum and not longer than 5cm

inoculating needle

microorg toxic to cotton swab

neisseria

used for transferring liquid

pasteur pipette

1st described bacteria

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

formulated Germ theory

Robert Koch

bacteria is eu or pro

prokaryotic

bacteria has DNA or rNA?

both

bacteria reproduce through

binary fission

unit of measurement for bacte

micrometer

bacteria which has no cell wall

mycoplasma

slimy layer, virulence factor and anti-phagocytic

capsule

positive in Neufeld-Quellung capsular antigen test

capsular swelling

bacte positive in Neufeld-Quellung capsular Ag test

S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis H. influenza

give shapes to bacte, basis of gram stain

cell wall

cell wall of gram pos has

thick PG, teichoic acid

cell wall of gram neg

LPS, thin PG, periplasm

site for energy synthesis,

plasma membrane

regulate transport of nutrients, osmotic or permeability barrier

plasma membrane

length of inoculating needle

not longer 5cm

_____ are extrachromosomal DNA

plasmid

Babes Ernst granules are _____ granules

metachromatic

responsible for CHON synthesis

ribosomes

for bacterial adherence

common pili

for gene transfer

sex pili

calcium dipicolinate or dipicolinic acid

endospores

bacte withe ndospores

Bacillus | Clostridium

1 polar flagella

monotrichous

2 polar falgella

amphitrichous

tufts of flagella

lophotrichous

fastest bacte to multiply

E. coli

slowest bacte to multiply

Mycobacteria

average size of bacte

0.4 - 2 um

flagella all around the bacte

peritrichous

largets spp of bacte

Bacillus anthracis

most common form of flagella

peritrichous

bacte with axial filaments

spirochetes

obligate aerobe

mycobacteria

obligate anaerobe

Bacteroides | Actinomyces

pathogens are usually anaer or aerobic

facultative anaerobe

microaerophile

campylobacter

aerotolerant anaerobe

lactobacillus

inorganic cpd as carbon source

autotrophs/litotrophs

organic cpd as carbon source

heterotroph/organotrophs

psychrophilic temp

0-20 oC (ref)

coleslaw food poison

Listeria

common blood bag contam

Y. enterocolitica

mesophilic temp

20-40 oC (pathogenic)

thermophilic temp

40-60 oC (thermus aquaticus)

common acidophilic bacte

Lactobacillus

common basophilic bacte

Vibrio

common ph req of pathogenic bact

neutrophilic

_________ requires moisture

humidophilic

___________ requires salt

halophilic

bacte that requires 7.5% salt concs

S. aureus

under bact. metab respiration

kreb's cycle ETC glucose

bacte that requires 6.5%

E. faecalis

bacte that requires 0, 3, 5, 8, 10% NaCl

Vibrio

in respiration, glucose ->

CO2 and H2O

in oxidation, glucose ->

acid

in fermentation, glucose ->

acid/alcohol

phases in bacte growth curve

LAG LOG stationary/plateau death/ decline

phase in grwoth curve that increase in size not number

lag phase

phase in grwoth curve that increase in growth rate, susceptible to antimicrob agents

log phase

phase in grwoth curve where no net growth

stationary/ plateau

phase in grwoth curve that increase in death rate

death phase/period of decline

types of swab

cotton | calcium alginate

swab toxic to neisseria, good for virus

cotton

swab toxic to virus, good for bacteria

calcium alginate

rapid, most definitive test

PCR

ref when delayed except

``` CSF blood N. gonorrhea swab urine w/ boric acid Cary Blair rectal swab ```

ref when delayed for 1hr

stool urine sputum swab exc. genital

transport medium for stool pathogens

Cary blairs

trasnport medium for respiratory sx

Amie

trasnport emdium for Nesseria

transgrow | JEMBEC

transport medium for S. agalactiae (vaginal swab)

Todd Hewitt

motility of Listeria

tumbling

motility of CApnnocytophaga

sliding

tumbling motility

Listeria

sliding motility

Capnocytophaga

darting motility

Campylobacter

cork screw motility

spirochetes

twitching motility

kingella

motility of campylobacter

darting

motility of cork screw

spirochetes

motility of kingella

twitching

flagella of Vibrio

mono

flagella of P. aeruginosa

mono

flagella of C. jejuni

amphi

flagella of Burgholderia

lopho

flagella of Stenotrephomonas

lopho

flagella of E. coli

peri

put _____________ before ino loop heat ster

70% alcohol

used to detoxify culture media

charcoal

nasal swab used used to isolate

S. aureus

nasopharyngeal swab used to isolate

N. meningitidis H. influenzae B. pertussis

skin test for TB

Mantoux | Intradermal skin test (PPD)

used in Mantoux

tuberculin syringe

another contribution of Koch

Pure Culture technique

means varying size and shape

pleomorphic

gold standard for ID

culture

toxin oroduced by gram pos

exotoxin

most potent exotoxin to human

Botulinum toxin

toxin produced by gram neg

endotoxin

unique feat of gram pos

teichoic acid

unique feat of gram neg

periplasm

gram pos is sol or insol to alcohol

insol

gram neg is sol or insol to alc

soluble

capsular antigen

Vi/K ag

cell wall antigen

O Ag

flagellar antigen

H Ag

heat labile Ags

K/Vi | H

heat stable Ags

inoculating needle used for fungal culture

bent wire

carries antibiotic resistance gene

plasmid

cause of drug resistance in MRSA

chromosome

ESBL means

extended-spectrum beta-lactamase

transfers gene in plasmid

transposon

bacterial gene trasnfer includes

conjugation transduction transformation

plasmid mediated gene transfer

conjugation

bacteriophage mediated gene transfer

transduction

gene transfer by uptaking foreign DNA

tranformation

spore of C. jejuni

terminal spore

enzyme lacking in anaerobes making them toxic to O2

superoxides dismatase

blood bag contams in ref

Y. enterocolitica P. aeruginosa S. liquefaciens

blood bag contams in RT

S. epidermidis | B. cereus

pH in neutrophilic

7.2-7.4

swab good for both virus and bacteria

Dacron | rayon

can also be VTM

Stuart's

this is a modified Todd-Hewitt

LIM

SPS ihibits

G. vaginalis Neisseria S. monoliformis P. anaerobius

SPS stands for

sodium polyanethosulfonate

_______________ coutneracts SPS

1% gelatin

ratio of blood to SPS (adult)

1:10

ratio of blood to SPS (bata)

1:5

SPS acts as an

anticoag antiphago anticomple neutralize aminoglycosides and bactericidial effects of serum

hemolysis, turbidity, pellicle on BHIB, next step is

subculture on BAP, MAC, CAP

if negative on BHIB, next step is

incubate pa more 7days - typhoid 21days - brucellosis, endocarditis, SBE

fasitdious gram neg bacteria that causes SBE

HACEK ``` Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella ```

incubation when typhoid is suspected

7 days

incubation for brucellosis, endocarditis, SBE

21 days

meaning when there is grouwth during last day of incub

usually contam

signicant count in urine culture for UTI

>100k CFU

not significant

prep for urine sx culture

centri @ 2k rpm for 10mins

prep for CSF culture

centri @ 2k rpm for 10mins

india ink for CSF to check for

capsule

LATEX agglu for CSF to check for

capsular antigen

agar preferred for CSF culture

CAP

isolated in CSF culture

Neisseria and Haemophilus

agar preferred for wound culture

thio

characteristic odor of all anaerobes

foul odor

added to BAP for stool CS

ampicillin

ampicillin in BAP of stool CS is for

Aeromonas

agars used for stool CS

``` MacConkey BAP + amp CBAP SSA Selenite F TCBS alkaline peptone HEA ```

agars used for CSF

BAP Mac CAP BHI

agars used for urine CS

BAP | Mac

agars used for sputum and NPS

BAP Mac GBA BCA

BCA stands for

bacitracin blood agar

GBA stands for

gentamicin blood agar

source of DNA replication for thermophilic bacte

Thermus aquaticus

agars used for throat swabs

BAP mod Thayer MArtin thio

incub temp for bacte

35 oC

incub temp for fungi

28-30 oC

incub temp for virus

37 oC

agar preferred for throat swap

BAP

GBA is for isolation of

S. pneumoniae

cause of 'bull neck'

diphtheria

diphtheria causes

bull neck appearance

used to asses quality of sputum

Bartlett's classification

classification that enumerates number of epith cells and neutrophils per LPF

Bartlett's

cause of UTI from swimming in marine water

E. faecalis

agars used for vaginal or urethral swabs

CAP | mod thayer Martin

Tb culture uses ____ sputum

gold standard additive to TB culture

NALC-NaOH

NALC means

N-acetyl L- cysteine

NALC in NALC-NaOH serves as

digestant

NaOH in NALC-NaOH serves as

decontaminant

used to elim pseudomonas contam in TB culture

oxalic acid

media used for TB culture

Lowenstein-Jensen | Middlebrook 7H11, 7H10

which among TB media is plate

Middlebrook 7H11, 7H10

which among TB media is tube

Lowenstein-Jensen

how long before reporting negative in TB culture

8weeks

turn around time of L-J TB culture

8 weeks

TAT of gene expert for TB culture

2-3hrs

BACTET used ____________ method

radiometric

simple staining uses how mny dyes

differential staining uses how many dyes

special staining procedure is used to see

bacterial structures

indirect /relief/negative staining is used to see

capsules

examples of negative staining

india ink | nigrossin

bacte not gram stain, but considered as gram neg

Chlamydia/Rickettsia Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma Spirochete

stain for nucleic acid

acridine orange

acridine orange is used in

Burke's modification of GS

gram stain for fungi

Hucker's stain

component of Hucker's

crystal violet | ammonium oxalate

pH of mordant in GS

basic

decolorizer in GS

acetone-alcohol or 95% alcohol

gram pos becomes neg when

overdecolorized, old, dying use of acidic iodine penicillin

gram neg becomes pos when

udner-decolorized | thick smear

all cocci are + except

Moraxella Neisseria Veilonella

all bacilli are - except

``` Myco Coryne Clostridia Nocardia Actinomyces Bacillus Lactobacillus Listeria Erysiphilotrix ```

yeasts are gram pos or neg

all spiral org are gram ____

neg

acid fast staining methods

Pappenheimer Baumgarten's Fite Faraco

counterstain in Fite Faraco's

methylene blue

Pappenheimer stains

M. smegmatis and tuberculosis

baumergarten stains

M. leprae and tuberculosis

appearance of smegmatis and tuberculosis in Pappenheimer stain

blue

appearance of leprae and tuberculosis in Baumergarten stain

red

what makes it acid fast

mycolic acid

acid fast orgs include

Myco Nocardia Cryptosporidium

modified AFS requires

no heating | 1% H2SO4 as deco

best AFS

Ziehl-Neelsen

which AFS is considered the hot method

Ziehl-Neelsen

which AFS is considered the col method

Kinyoun

most sensitive AFS

rhodamine-auramine

AFS for tissues

Kinyoun

mordant in Kinyoun

tergitol | phenol

color of AFO in Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelsen

red

counterstain of Ziehl-Neelsen

methylene blue

counterstain of Kinyoun

malachite green

a flurochrome AFS

rhodamine-auramine

AFS in rhodamine-auramine shows

yellow fluorescence

stain for spore

Schaeffer Fulton Dorner Wirtz Conklin

stain for flagella

Leifson | Gray's

stain for metachro. granules

Neisser Albert's LAMB

stain for nucleic acid

Fuelgen

stain for polar bodies

Wayson

stain for Rickettsia

Gimenez | Macchiavelo

stain for spirochetes

Levaditi | Fontana Tribondeau

String's test uses

3% KOH

Schaeffer Fulton stains

spores

Neisser stains

metachromatic granules

Gimenez and Macchiavelo stains

Rickettsia

inclusion bodies and living cells are viewed with what micrscope

phase contrast

increased Lactobacillus acidopphilus leads to

increase C. albicans

QC of BSC airflow is every

year/annual

catalase test for Staph/Strep uses

3% H2O2

slide coagulase test checks for

bound coag

tube coagulase test checks for

free coag

which coagulase test is screening

slide

positive result in catalase test shows

gas bubble

agar used in mannitol feermentation test

mannitol salt agar

component of the MSA

7.5% NaCL

poitive mannitol fermentation in MSA shows

yellow neg: red

DNase test detects

DNA

two methods for DNAse test

toluidine blue | HCl ppt

ID for S. saprophyticus

novobiocin resistance test

bacte positive in the modified oxidase test

micrococcus luteus

is enterotoxin endo or exo

exo

staph. aureus property responsible for the SSS

exfoliatin/epidermolysin

in aureus, this dissolves clot

staphylokinase

in aureus, this is the spreading afctor

hyaluronidase

in aureus, this is the fat splitting enzyme

lipase

ID of S. pyogenes

bacitracin susceptible

CAMP stands fo

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

ID for strep. agalactiae

hippurate +

S. pyogenes in CAMP

arrow head zone beta hemolysis

ID for strep. pneumoniae

optochin susceptible

in strep, positive in bile solubility test

strep. pneumoniae

in strep, negative in bile solubility

iridans streptococcus/ e. faecalis

positive result in bile solubility shows

lysis of bacte colony

ID for pediococcus or leuconostoc

vancomycin

gram positive cocci in chain, pairs

streptococcus

pinpoint colonies

strep

pinhead colonies

staph

slsective medium for strep

PEA

#1 cause of neonatal meningitis

S. agalactiae

gram positive diplococci, lancet shaped

S. pneumoniae

most common casuse of otitis media

s. pneumoniae

#1 cause of adult bacterial meningitis

s. pneumoniae

casuse of dental plaques/caries

strep. mutans

a nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), required vit. B6

abiotrophia

kidney/coffee bean shaped in PMNs

N. gonorrhea

virulence of N. gonorrhea

pili

main difference of Nocardia and Actinomyces aisde from acid fast

actinomyces has sulfure granules

thw only gram positive bacte that produce H2S

erysipelothrix

how to differentiate Listeria and Coryne

Listeria is psitive in all (motility, esculin, salicin, CAMP)

only mycobacteria that do not grow on agar

M. leprae

mycobacteria from unpasteruized mild

m. bovis

which is MOTT/NTM

m. leprae

tests done after psitive in LJ media

niacin and nitrate

how to differentiate Mtb from m. bovis

M.tb is positive in niacin and nitrate

number of sputum as per DOH in DSSM

M.tb requires ____ to grow

5% CO2

the virulence of m.tb

cord factor

is saliva acceptable for DSSM

yes

added to sputum to inhibit pseudomonas

oxalic acid

oxalic acid inhibits ____ in sputum

pseudomonas

sputulysin in DSSM sputum

dithiothreitol

AFB grading of 0

no AFB/300 fields

AFB grading of +n

1-9/100fields

AFB grading of 1+

10-99/100fields

AFB grading of 2+

1-10/at least 50

AFB grading of 3+

>10/at least 20

ideal size for DSSM

2x3cm

required fields read in DSSM

300

DOTS stands for

directly observe treatment strategy

dry smear prior heat fixing to ____

prevent aerosols

used loops in DSSM are cleansed with

70% alcohol with sand

inhibitory agent for normal flora in eggbased media for sputum

malachite green

sterilization for egg based media

insipation(?)

emmeda for AST of sputum

Middlebrook 7H10-H11

growth in LJ means mycobacterium

no. may be nocardia

best media for mycobacteria

lowenstein-jensen

carbon source in LJ media

glycerol

colony of M.tb in LJ media

butt-colored cauliflower, non-pigmented

liquid media used for mycobacteria

Middlebrook 7H9/12

most rapid test for mycobacteria

gene expert

gold standard for mycobacteria

culture

positive in mantoux shows

5-10mm induration

positive in niacin test for mycobacteria shows

yellow color

catalase test for mycobacteria uses

30% H2O2

important results in catalase test in myco

(+) kansasii | (-) m.tb

medium used in catalase test for mycobacteria

tween 80

temp used in catalase test for mycobacteria

68 oC

important reslts in tellurite red. test for mycobacterium

(+) avium | (-) kansasii

psoitive result in tellurite reduc test shows

blackening

arylsulfatase test determines mycobacteria that are _____

rapid growers

this is psiitive in arylsulfatase teste

m. fortuitum-chelonae

rounyoun 1 is

photochromogens

rounyoun2 is

scotochromogens

rounyoun 3 is

non-photochromogen

rounyoun 4 is

rapid growers

rounyoun 1 includes

m. kansasii marinum asiaticum simiae

rounyoun 2 includes

m. scrofulaceum gordonae szulgai xenopi flavescens

which rounyoun 2 is also nonphoto

m. xenopi

rounyoun 2 that is also photo and at what temp is i photo

szulgai @25 oC

causes swimming pool granuloma

m. marinum

mycobacteria that causes cervical lymph adenitis

m. scrofulaceum

m. sccrofulaceum causes

cervical lymph adenitis

common name for m. gordonae

tap water bacillus

rounyoun 3 would appear as

cream/buff in 10-21 days

myco common in HIV patients

m. avium

syndrome caused by m. avium

lady windermere syndrome

the mycobacterium needing RBC and HGb

m. haemophilus

common name for m. intracellulare

battey bacillus

the urine AFB, confused with m.tb in urine

m. smegmatis

how long it takes for rapid growers to grow

3-7 days

how to differentiate m.tb from m. smegmatis

pappenheimer stain

can grow in Mac without crystal violet

m. fortuitum-chelonae

a radioimmunoassay test for mycobacterium

bactec 460 middlebrook 7H12

a immunofluorescence assay for mycobacterium

mycobacteria growth indicator tube (Middlebrook 7H9)

bactecc 460 middlebrook 7H12 uses

14 CO2 radioisotope

no growth in bactec 12B + NAP (inhibition test) is myco. ______

tuberculosis

how to differentaite fortuitum from chelonae

nitrate and uptake of iron and 5% NaCL

macrophages with AFB are called

lepra cells

specimen for m. leprae

tissue juice

AFB that is sshaped as cigarette-packet/picket-fence

m. leprae

common name for m. leprae

hansen

which is more dangerous, lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy? and why

lepromatous bcoz lepromine is negative (meaning cell mediated shit is not working anymore) and many AFB

lepromine positive

tuberculoid leprosy

lepromine negative

lepromatous leprosy

key characterisitic of lepromatous patients

leonine face

skin test for leprosy

lepromine

culture of m. leprae

armadillo foot pads

stin for leprae

fite faraco (hematoxylin-counterstain)

a pleomorphic, rod-cocci, considered th epink bacteria

rhodococcus equi

causes the Crohn/s disease

m. paratuberculosis

m. paratuberculosis causes

Crohn's disease

specimen for nocardia culture

sputum and tissue samples

pleomorphic gram pos rods that may be club shaped or pallisade

corynebacte

metahchromatic granules in corynebacteria

Babes-Ernst granules

BAP colony of raised, translucent, gray

corynebacteria

also called the Kleb-Loeffler's bacillus

C. diphtheriae

appearance of c. diphtheriae infection that causes suffocation due to obstruction of airway

bull neck

skin test for diphtheria

Schick test

definitive and confirmaory test for diphtheria

elek test

culture media for c. diphtheriae

Pai | loeffler

test for toxigenicity of c. diphtheriae

elek test

skin test for Scarlet fever

Dick

inhibits normal flora in c. diphtheriae culture

tellurite

biotypes of c. diphtheriae

gravis intermedius mitis belfanti

the only nontoxigenic biotype of c. diph

belfanti

the only beta hemo biotype of c. diph

mitis

the toxigenic biotypes of c. diph

gravis intermedius mitis

only pathogenic corynebacteria

diphtheriae | ulcerans

coryne that causes mastitis in cattle

c. ulcerans

other name for c. pseudotb

c. ovix

how to differentiate c. ulcerans and c. pseudotb

starch HOH

old anme of glucose

dextrose

old name of sucrose

sacarose

coryne that causes conjunctivitis

c. xerosis

coryne that is skin normal flora, and drug resistant

c. jeikeium

Hoffman's bacillus

c. pseudoditheriticum

agent of erythrasma

coryne. minutissimum

coryne. minutissimum appears as ______ on wood's lt.

coral red fluorescence

coryne. minutissimum causes

erythrasma

shows inverted triangle in reverse CAMP with S. aureus

arcanobacterium haemolyticum

arcanobacterium haemolyticum shows ___ in reverse camp with s. aureus

inverse triangle

largest pathogenic bacteria

bacillus anthracis

bamboo shaped in chain bacte, square end

bacillus anthracis

capsular stain for bacillus anthracis

McFadyean's

bicarbonate in medium for b anthracis is for

capsular formation

why is the capsule of b. anthracis not true capsule

bcoz it is made of D glutamate not polysachh

cutaneous infection of anthrax

malignant pustule

malignant pustule shows

black eschar

pulmonary anthrax

woolsorter's

other name of woolsorter's

ragpicker's dx

intestinnal anthra

gastroenteritis

slective medium for anthrax

PLET polymixin lysozyme EDTA thallous acetate

colony of anthrax

medusa head

a sero. pptn test, to detect anthrax antigen, done on animal

ascoli test

definitive and confirmatory test for anthrax

PCR

presumptive/screening test for anthrax

penicillin suscept test

colony of anthrax on BAP

flat, irreg, swirling projections, non-hemo

virulence of b. cereus

exotoin

fried rice bacillus is

b. cereus

which is motile, anthra or cerues

cereus

basta capsulated, ito ay _____

nonmotile

used for QC on gas ethylene oxide

bacillus subtilis

common eye infection in heroin addicts

b. subtilis

causes flat sour spoilage

stearothermophilus

obligate anaerobe gram (+) with endospore

clostridium

all clostridium are saccharolytic except

tetani and speticum

3 types of clostridium

neurotoxic hisototix enteric

neurtoxic clostri includes

tetani | botulinum

histotoxic clostri includes

perfringens | septicum

enteric clostri includes

difficile

the only encapsulated clostridium

perfringens

box car shaped bacillus

c. perfringens

diseases caused by perfringens

gas gangrene food poisoning necrotic enteritis

gas gangrene by perfringens causes

myonecrosis

necrotic enteritis by perfringens is also called

pig-bel disease

agar for perfringens

neomycin egg yolk/Mc Clung/Nagler agar

test to detect perfringens toxin

nagler/lecithinase test

positive in Nagler agar shows

opalescence on agar w/o antitoxin

stormy fermentation of milk is a lab dx for

perfringens

canned good bacillus

c. botulinum

most potent neurotoxin

botutlinum

infant botulism is usually caused bu how

honey bee on milks

infant with botulism would look like

floppy baby

terminal spore, tennis racket or drumstick, tack ehad bacillus

c. tetani

how is flaccid paralysis caused in botulism

the toxin blocks release of acetylcholine

virulence of tetani

tetanolysin | tetanospasmin

the tetani exotxin inhibits neurons in CNS and cause

spastic paralysis

sardonic smile is laso called

risus sardonicus

arching of the back by tetani is also called

opisthotonus

clostridium that is colon flora

difficile

major disease caused by difficile

antibiotic (clindamycin) assoc pseudomembranous enterocolitis

culture media for difficile

CCFA cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar

characterisitic of CCFA

yellow, horse manure odor

an example of reduced media for anaerobic culture

Schaedler

AST medium for anaerobes

Wilkin-Chalgren broth and agar

definitive test foranaerobes, acid analysis

gas liquid chromatography

proof of anaerobiosis in gas pak jar

moisture in jar | indicator turns colorless

indicators in the gas pak jar

methylene blue | resazurin

brick red fluorescence

prevotella | porphyromonas

red fluorescence

veilonella

pitting of agar

b. ureolyticus

double zone of hemolysis

c. perfringens

swarming

c. tetani | c. septicum

molar tooth colony, sulfur granules

actinomyces israelii

breadccrumb colony

f. nucleatum

horse oddor (CCFA)

c. difficile

KVC pattern of B. fragilis

RRR

KVC pattern of porphyromonas

RSR

KVC pattern of prevotella

RRS

KVC pattern of b. urealyticum/fusobacterium

SRS

KVC pattern of clostridium

SSR

on KVC, what bacteria has RRR pattern

b. fragilis

on KVC, what bacteria has RSR

porphyromonas

on KVC, what bacteria has RRS

prevotella

on KVC, what bacteria has SRS

b. urealyticum/fusobacterium

on KVC, what bacteria has SSR

clostridium

fungus like bacter, ray fungus

actinomyces

draining sinus tract with sulfur granules

actinomyces israelii

lumpy jaw is caused by

actinomyces bovis

what bodies are seen in lactobacillus

doderlein bodies

gram post anaerobic bacilli

``` actinomyces bifidobacterium eubacterium propionebacterium lacctobacillus mobiluncus ```

gram neg anaerobic bacilli

``` bacteroides porphyromonas prevotella fusobacterium f. necrophorum bacteroides urealyticum ```

cause of Vincent's angina

F. necrophorum

Vincent's angina is a synergistic inefction by ______

F. necrophorum and B. vincentii

Lemierre's disease is caused by

F. necrophorum

ddiseases caused by F. neccrophorum

Lemierre's | Vincent's angina

gram positive anaerobic cocci

peptostreptococcus anaerobius, asaccharolyticus, niger

SPS sensitive gram (+) anaerobic cocci

peptostreptococcus anaerobius

gram neg anaerobic coccci

veilonella parvula megassphera acidaaminococcus

usually seen after jaw surgery bcoz it is oral flora

veilonella parvula

in nirate reduction test, zinc dust is added to

detect unreduced nitrate

used to detect unreduced nitrate in nitrate reduc test

zinc dust

a pathogenicity test for enteric, also a lactose fermentation test

ONPG o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactophyranoside

gram neg bacilli would have what results on BAP CAP Mac

all positive

gram pos bacteria would have what results on BAP CAP Mac

negative on Mac

Neisseria adn Haemophilus would have what results on BAP CAP Mac

positive on CAP only

LOA test consists of

lysine-ornithine-arginine

LOA uses how many tubes

3 tube + 1 control tube

in LOA, lysine becomes

cadaverine

in LOA, ornithine becomes

putrescine

in LOA, arginine becomes

citrulline

medium used in LOA test

Moeller's decarboxylase medium

the next step when there is growth on Mac

oxidase test (+) p. aeruginosa (-) e. coli

indicator in Moeller's medium

bromcresol purple

A/A in TSI means

2-3 sugars fermented

K/A in TSI means

glucose fermented

K/K in TSI means

no sugar fermeted | pseudomonas

gas producers are called

aerogenic

what happends in LIA butt

lysine decarboxylation

what happends in LIA slant

lysine deamination

results in LIA butt

(+) purple | (=) yellow

results in LIA slant

(+) red | (-) yellow

component of the Erlich/Kovac's rgt

p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

indole came from

tryptophan

the opposites in IMViC

methyl red and voges-proskauer

test for the mixed acid of glucose fermentation

methyl red

other name for MRVP medium

Clark and Lubs dextrose broth

Voges Proskauer detects

acetoin

(+) in VP test | (-) in MR

KESH Kleb, Entero, Serratia, Hafnia

Coblentz method in Voges Proskauer uses

alpha napthol in 40% KOH in creatine

Barrits method in Voges Proskauer uses

alpha napthol and KOH

difference of Barrits and Coblentz in Voges Proskauer

Barrits for gram neg | Coblentz for gram pos

carbon source in citrate utilization test

citrate

end product of acetamide utilization test

ammonia

important results in acetamide utili test

+ aeruginosa | - s. maltophilia

positive bacteria in malonate utili test

KECH kleb enteri citro hafnia

media used in urease test

Christensen agar-Stuart urea broth

phenylalanine deaminase positive (PAD)

PMP proteus morganella providencia

positive bacte in KCN broth test

KEPPC kleb entero proteus providencia citro

string test uses

0.5% sodium desoxycholate

string test is ID for

vibrio cholerae

the crystal violet in Mac serves as

antifungal

all enterobacteriaceae are motile except

kleb and shigella

all enterobacteriacea are oxidase negative except

plesiomonas

#1 cause of UTI

e. coli

IMVic results of E. coli

++--

#2 cause of neonatal meningitis

E. coli

all E. coli are MUG(+) except

O157:H7

strains that causes ETEC

O6 8 25

strains that cause EPEC

O111 114

strains that causes EIEC

O124 143 164

strains that cause EHEC

O157:H7

traaveller's (turista) diarrhea, watery diarrhea

ETEC

infanitle diarrhea by e. coli

EPEC

an ocular virulence test

sereny test

sereny test is used for

EIEC

HUS, hemolytic colitis by e. coli

ETEC/VTEC

result of O157:H7 in sorbitol Mac

negative

the only negative e. coli strain in sorbitol Mac

O157:H7

stacked bricked pattern of cells is seen in what e. coli inf

enteroaggregative E. coli

unique feature seen in enteroaggregative e. coli

stacked brick pattern of cells

acute and chronic diarrhea caused by e. coli

enteroaggregative e. coli

IMViC results of enterobacter

--++

all enterobacters are urease negative except

e. gergoviae

LDC negative control

e. cloacae

how to differentiate e. pantoea agglomerans from the rest

LOA test, all negative

LDC positive control

k. pneumoiae

common name for k. pneumoniae

friedlander's bacillus

how to differentiate k. pneumoniae and k. oxytoca

indol (+) oxytoca (-) pneumoniae

only lactose fermenting salmonella

salmonella arizona

citrobacter that causes neonatal meningitis

c. diversus

new name of c. diversus

koseri

how to differentiate c. freundii and s. typhi

c. freundi is LF and LDC(-)

all Proteeae (PMP) are urease positive except

p. alcalifacien

all proteeae are LOA ___ except

morganella and p. mirabilis

all proteeae are indole (+) except

p. mirabilis

presumptive test for proteeae

PAD

virulence of proteus

urease

#2 cause of UTI and renal stones

proteus

a swarming phenomenon of proteus

dienes

used bacteria in weil-felix test

proteus

proteus provides ___ in weil-felix test

Oxk-kingsbury

TSI rxn of proteeae

K/@

LIA rxn of proteeae

R/A

test for serotypes of salmonella

kauffman white scheme

all salmonella are aerogenic except

sal. typhi | gallinarum

all salmonella are motile except

galinnarum | pullorum

appearance of stool in salmonellosis

pea-soup stool

how to differentiate proteus and salmonella

use KCN, urease, PAD proteus all positive

specimen for 1t week of typhoid fever

blood

specimen for 2nd wk of typhoid

stool, carrier

confirmatory for typhoid fever

bone marrow culture

salmonella that causes septiciia

s. paratyphi/cholera suis

salmonella that causes gastroenteritis

enteritidis

salmonella that causes food poisoning

typhimurium

how to differentiate salmonella sonnei from the rest

ornithine and ONPG positive

pnemonics for the O antigens of the salmonella spp

ABCD-DFBS

biochemically inert bacteria

shigella

a bacteria that's NLF but also considered late lactose

serratia marcescens

serratia that is ommon blood bag contam

liquefacien

what makes serratia red

prodigiosin

arabinose (+) serratia

rubidae

IMViC similar to E. coli

Edwardsiella tara ++--

differentiate Edwardsiella from Salmonella using

indole test

safety pin appearance

yersinia pestis

bacteria responsible for black death (bio terrorism)

yersinia pestis

stalactite (+) bacter

y. pestis

bacteria motile at 22 oC but not at 35 oC

y. enterocolitica

appearance of y. enterocolitica in CIN agar

bull's eye

bull's eye in CIN agar indicates

y. enterocolitica

cold enrichment @ 4oC (listeria)

y. enterocolitica

the only zoonotic yersnia bacte

y. pseudotb

bacteria used asQC for oxidase

(+) p. aeruginosa | (-) e. coli

all vibrio are oxidase positive except

v. mitschnikovii

all vibrio are halophilic except

cholerae | mimicus

all vibrio has colorless colonhy on Mac except

vulnificus

responsible for rice watery stool

cholerae

other name for cholera toxin

choleragen

phenomenon that is the lysis of v. cholerae

pfeipper's pheno

the more common biotype of v. cholerae causing pandemic cholera

el tor

v. cholerae serotypethat has both ogawa and inaba

hikojima

cholera red test results

nitrate and indole (+)

other name for cholera red test

nitroso-indole test

TCBS stands for

thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose

TTGA stands for

tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar

bacteria that has beta hemolysis on wagatsuma

v. parahaemolyticus

only vibrio found in blood

vulnificus

NaCL reqt of vibrio

3 5 8 10%

how to differentiate vibrio from plesiomonas and aeromonas

NaCl reqt

curved, darting motility, seagull wing

campylobacter

microaerphilic bacteria

campylobacter

bacteria that resembles campylo

suturella wadworthiensis

cause of guillain barre

c. jejuni

#1 cause of gastroenteritis in US

c. jejuni

how to differentiate c jejuni from h. pylori

urea breath test (+) pylori

the only hippurate positive campylobacter

c. jejuni

coryne that causes otitis meddia

c. auris

the only clostridium that is assacharolytic

c. tetani

anaerobic media are media that are ______ and contains hemin, blood, vitK, sodium bicaarb

pre-reduced

(+) clostridium

botulinum novyii sporogenes

papasa ka ba sa boards

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