MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
FMDV
aphthovirus
drug resistance from microorganism
biological resistance
anaerobic atmosphere
5% CO2
10% H2
85% N
microaerophilic atmosphere
5% O2
10% CO2
85% N2
confirmed water test
EMB
ENDO
BGBL
NAFO color
blue (non-acid fast org)
CSF storage for micro culture
37oC
CSF transport
rm temp
CSF storage for viral culture
4oC
CSF transport for viral culture
-70oC
optochin other name
taxo P
ethylhydrocupreine HCl
esculine, 6.5% NaCl and hippurate positive
enterococcus
MUG test positive coliforms show
blue fluorescence
PPNG means
penicillinase producing gonococci
critical in gram stain
decolorization
betalactaase test is
colorimetric, (+) color change
Schaudinn test stains
mitochondria (internal) parasite
largest RNA virus
paramyxovirus
biochemical tests are
presumptive test
serotyping is a __________ test
confirmatory
beta lactamase substrate
nitrocefin
yersinia enterocolitica selective agar
CIN (Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin)
this confirms typhoid fever
bone marrow culture
the presumptive ID of organisms
differential medium
CMV culture
human embryonic fibroblast
+ in H2O completed test
acid w/ gas
acetamide by product
ammonia
fungal culture of CSF takes _______ days
28-30
how long does household bleach take to kill microorg
10mins
what microscope is used for spirochetes
microscope-fluorescent
which has double zone of hemolysis
C. perfringens
test for influenza and rubella
HA1 test
difficult to stain or microscopy
Leptospira spp
oral normal flora
S. viridans
how to isolate S. aureus on stool
MSA
what component of MSA can ID the S. aureus in stool
7.5% NaCl
used in plasma coagulase test
rabbit/human plasma
BAP, thio, selenite are examples of
enhancement media
positive in bile solubility tests shows
lysis of colony
Babes Ernst granules are seen in
Corynebacterium
iodine + bleach are components of
iodophore
positive lecithinase
C. perfringens
concentration that inhibits bacte
MIC
concentration that kills bacte
MBC/MLC
disinfectant for blood cultures
iodine + 70% alcohol
report water bacte in
MPN (most probable number)
how to dissolve agar
half H2O + agar + half H2O
Duran Reynal is a ______ factor
spreading
ratio of blood:broth
1:5 10mL blood: 50mL broth
kidney bean shaped
Neisseria
curve, gram negative rod medium
CBAP
positive in hair baiting test shows
V shaped perforation
agar for chlamydosphores
corn meal agar
farmer’s lung dx is caused by
Aspergillus
Aspergillus causes what
Farmer’s lung dx
CNS virus causing encephalitis
rabies virus
rabies virus causes what in CNS
encephalitis
human T-cell lymphotropic viruses
blood
serum
saliva
semen
phenotype ID uses
morphology
biochem
automated phenotype ID uses
vitek 1 and 2
genotype ID uses
DNA-PCR
incubation for aerobic cultures
18-24hrs
incubationf or anaerobic cultures
24-48hrs
used for water bacte, gas detector
durnham tube
these are made of nichrome or platinum and not longer than 5cm
inoculating needle
microorg toxic to cotton swab
neisseria
used for transferring liquid
pasteur pipette
1st described bacteria
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
formulated Germ theory
Robert Koch
bacteria is eu or pro
prokaryotic
bacteria has DNA or rNA?
both
bacteria reproduce through
binary fission
unit of measurement for bacte
micrometer
bacteria which has no cell wall
mycoplasma
slimy layer, virulence factor and anti-phagocytic
capsule
positive in Neufeld-Quellung capsular antigen test
capsular swelling
bacte positive in Neufeld-Quellung capsular Ag test
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. influenza
give shapes to bacte, basis of gram stain
cell wall
cell wall of gram pos has
thick PG, teichoic acid
cell wall of gram neg
LPS, thin PG, periplasm
site for energy synthesis,
plasma membrane
regulate transport of nutrients, osmotic or permeability barrier
plasma membrane
length of inoculating needle
not longer 5cm
_____ are extrachromosomal DNA
plasmid
Babes Ernst granules are _____ granules
metachromatic
responsible for CHON synthesis
ribosomes
for bacterial adherence
common pili
for gene transfer
sex pili
calcium dipicolinate or dipicolinic acid
endospores
bacte withe ndospores
Bacillus
Clostridium
1 polar flagella
monotrichous
2 polar falgella
amphitrichous
tufts of flagella
lophotrichous
fastest bacte to multiply
E. coli
slowest bacte to multiply
Mycobacteria
average size of bacte
0.4 - 2 um
flagella all around the bacte
peritrichous
largets spp of bacte
Bacillus anthracis
most common form of flagella
peritrichous
bacte with axial filaments
spirochetes
obligate aerobe
mycobacteria
obligate anaerobe
Bacteroides
Actinomyces
pathogens are usually anaer or aerobic
facultative anaerobe
microaerophile
campylobacter
aerotolerant anaerobe
lactobacillus
inorganic cpd as carbon source
autotrophs/litotrophs
organic cpd as carbon source
heterotroph/organotrophs
psychrophilic temp
0-20 oC (ref)
coleslaw food poison
Listeria
common blood bag contam
Y. enterocolitica
mesophilic temp
20-40 oC (pathogenic)
thermophilic temp
40-60 oC (thermus aquaticus)
common acidophilic bacte
Lactobacillus
common basophilic bacte
Vibrio
common ph req of pathogenic bact
neutrophilic
_________ requires moisture
humidophilic
___________ requires salt
halophilic
bacte that requires 7.5% salt concs
S. aureus
under bact. metab respiration
kreb’s cycle
ETC
glucose
bacte that requires 6.5%
E. faecalis
bacte that requires 0, 3, 5, 8, 10% NaCl
Vibrio
in respiration, glucose ->
CO2 and H2O
in oxidation, glucose ->
acid
in fermentation, glucose ->
acid/alcohol
phases in bacte growth curve
LAG
LOG
stationary/plateau
death/ decline
phase in grwoth curve that increase in size not number
lag phase
phase in grwoth curve that increase in growth rate, susceptible to antimicrob agents
log phase
phase in grwoth curve where no net growth
stationary/ plateau
phase in grwoth curve that increase in death rate
death phase/period of decline
types of swab
cotton
calcium alginate
swab toxic to neisseria, good for virus
cotton
swab toxic to virus, good for bacteria
calcium alginate
rapid, most definitive test
PCR
ref when delayed except
CSF blood N. gonorrhea swab urine w/ boric acid Cary Blair rectal swab
ref when delayed for 1hr
stool
urine
sputum
swab exc. genital
transport medium for stool pathogens
Cary blairs
trasnport medium for respiratory sx
Amie
trasnport emdium for Nesseria
transgrow
JEMBEC
transport medium for S. agalactiae (vaginal swab)
Todd Hewitt
motility of Listeria
tumbling
motility of CApnnocytophaga
sliding
tumbling motility
Listeria
sliding motility
Capnocytophaga
darting motility
Campylobacter
cork screw motility
spirochetes
twitching motility
kingella
motility of campylobacter
darting
motility of cork screw
spirochetes
motility of kingella
twitching
flagella of Vibrio
mono
flagella of P. aeruginosa
mono
flagella of C. jejuni
amphi
flagella of Burgholderia
lopho
flagella of Stenotrephomonas
lopho
flagella of E. coli
peri
put _____________ before ino loop heat ster
70% alcohol
used to detoxify culture media
charcoal
nasal swab used used to isolate
S. aureus
nasopharyngeal swab used to isolate
N. meningitidis
H. influenzae
B. pertussis
skin test for TB
Mantoux
Intradermal skin test (PPD)
used in Mantoux
tuberculin syringe
another contribution of Koch
Pure Culture technique
means varying size and shape
pleomorphic
gold standard for ID
culture
toxin oroduced by gram pos
exotoxin
most potent exotoxin to human
Botulinum toxin
toxin produced by gram neg
endotoxin
unique feat of gram pos
teichoic acid
unique feat of gram neg
periplasm
gram pos is sol or insol to alcohol
insol
gram neg is sol or insol to alc
soluble
capsular antigen
Vi/K ag
cell wall antigen
O Ag
flagellar antigen
H Ag
heat labile Ags
K/Vi
H
heat stable Ags
O
inoculating needle used for fungal culture
bent wire
carries antibiotic resistance gene
plasmid
cause of drug resistance in MRSA
chromosome
ESBL means
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
transfers gene in plasmid
transposon
bacterial gene trasnfer includes
conjugation
transduction
transformation
plasmid mediated gene transfer
conjugation
bacteriophage mediated gene transfer
transduction
gene transfer by uptaking foreign DNA
tranformation
spore of C. jejuni
terminal spore
enzyme lacking in anaerobes making them toxic to O2
superoxides dismatase
blood bag contams in ref
Y. enterocolitica
P. aeruginosa
S. liquefaciens
blood bag contams in RT
S. epidermidis
B. cereus
pH in neutrophilic
7.2-7.4
swab good for both virus and bacteria
Dacron
rayon
can also be VTM
Stuart’s
this is a modified Todd-Hewitt
LIM
SPS ihibits
G. vaginalis
Neisseria
S. monoliformis
P. anaerobius
SPS stands for
sodium polyanethosulfonate
_______________ coutneracts SPS
1% gelatin
ratio of blood to SPS (adult)
1:10
ratio of blood to SPS (bata)
1:5
SPS acts as an
anticoag
antiphago
anticomple
neutralize aminoglycosides and bactericidial effects of serum
hemolysis, turbidity, pellicle on BHIB, next step is
subculture on BAP, MAC, CAP
if negative on BHIB, next step is
incubate pa more
7days - typhoid
21days - brucellosis, endocarditis, SBE
fasitdious gram neg bacteria that causes SBE
HACEK
Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella
incubation when typhoid is suspected
7 days
incubation for brucellosis, endocarditis, SBE
21 days
meaning when there is grouwth during last day of incub
usually contam
signicant count in urine culture for UTI
> 100k CFU
not significant
prep for urine sx culture
centri @ 2k rpm for 10mins
prep for CSF culture
centri @ 2k rpm for 10mins
india ink for CSF to check for
capsule
LATEX agglu for CSF to check for
capsular antigen
agar preferred for CSF culture
CAP
isolated in CSF culture
Neisseria and Haemophilus
agar preferred for wound culture
thio
characteristic odor of all anaerobes
foul odor
added to BAP for stool CS
ampicillin
ampicillin in BAP of stool CS is for
Aeromonas
agars used for stool CS
MacConkey BAP + amp CBAP SSA Selenite F TCBS alkaline peptone HEA
agars used for CSF
BAP
Mac
CAP
BHI
agars used for urine CS
BAP
Mac
agars used for sputum and NPS
BAP
Mac
GBA
BCA
BCA stands for
bacitracin blood agar
GBA stands for
gentamicin blood agar
source of DNA replication for thermophilic bacte
Thermus aquaticus
agars used for throat swabs
BAP
mod Thayer MArtin
thio
incub temp for bacte
35 oC
incub temp for fungi
28-30 oC
incub temp for virus
37 oC
agar preferred for throat swap
BAP
GBA is for isolation of
S. pneumoniae
cause of ‘bull neck’
diphtheria
diphtheria causes
bull neck appearance
used to asses quality of sputum
Bartlett’s classification
classification that enumerates number of epith cells and neutrophils per LPF
Bartlett’s
cause of UTI from swimming in marine water
E. faecalis
agars used for vaginal or urethral swabs
CAP
mod thayer Martin
Tb culture uses ____ sputum
3
gold standard additive to TB culture
NALC-NaOH
NALC means
N-acetyl L- cysteine
NALC in NALC-NaOH serves as
digestant
NaOH in NALC-NaOH serves as
decontaminant
used to elim pseudomonas contam in TB culture
oxalic acid
media used for TB culture
Lowenstein-Jensen
Middlebrook 7H11, 7H10
which among TB media is plate
Middlebrook 7H11, 7H10
which among TB media is tube
Lowenstein-Jensen
how long before reporting negative in TB culture
8weeks
turn around time of L-J TB culture
8 weeks
TAT of gene expert for TB culture
2-3hrs
BACTET used ____________ method
radiometric
simple staining uses how mny dyes
1
differential staining uses how many dyes
2
special staining procedure is used to see
bacterial structures
indirect /relief/negative staining is used to see
capsules
examples of negative staining
india ink
nigrossin
bacte not gram stain, but considered as gram neg
Chlamydia/Rickettsia
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma
Spirochete
stain for nucleic acid
acridine orange
acridine orange is used in
Burke’s modification of GS
gram stain for fungi
Hucker’s stain
component of Hucker’s
crystal violet
ammonium oxalate
pH of mordant in GS
basic
decolorizer in GS
acetone-alcohol or 95% alcohol
gram pos becomes neg when
overdecolorized, old, dying
use of acidic iodine
penicillin
gram neg becomes pos when
udner-decolorized
thick smear
all cocci are + except
Moraxella
Neisseria
Veilonella
all bacilli are - except
Myco Coryne Clostridia Nocardia Actinomyces Bacillus Lactobacillus Listeria Erysiphilotrix
yeasts are gram pos or neg
+
all spiral org are gram ____
neg
acid fast staining methods
Pappenheimer
Baumgarten’s
Fite Faraco
counterstain in Fite Faraco’s
methylene blue
Pappenheimer stains
M. smegmatis and tuberculosis
baumergarten stains
M. leprae and tuberculosis
appearance of smegmatis and tuberculosis in Pappenheimer stain
blue
appearance of leprae and tuberculosis in Baumergarten stain
red
what makes it acid fast
mycolic acid
acid fast orgs include
Myco
Nocardia
Cryptosporidium
modified AFS requires
no heating
1% H2SO4 as deco
best AFS
Ziehl-Neelsen
which AFS is considered the hot method
Ziehl-Neelsen
which AFS is considered the col method
Kinyoun
most sensitive AFS
rhodamine-auramine
AFS for tissues
Kinyoun
mordant in Kinyoun
tergitol
phenol
color of AFO in Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelsen
red
counterstain of Ziehl-Neelsen
methylene blue
counterstain of Kinyoun
malachite green
a flurochrome AFS
rhodamine-auramine
AFS in rhodamine-auramine shows
yellow fluorescence
stain for spore
Schaeffer Fulton
Dorner
Wirtz Conklin
stain for flagella
Leifson
Gray’s
stain for metachro. granules
Neisser
Albert’s
LAMB
stain for nucleic acid
Fuelgen
stain for polar bodies
Wayson
stain for Rickettsia
Gimenez
Macchiavelo
stain for spirochetes
Levaditi
Fontana Tribondeau
String’s test uses
3% KOH
Schaeffer Fulton stains
spores
Neisser stains
metachromatic granules
Gimenez and Macchiavelo stains
Rickettsia
inclusion bodies and living cells are viewed with what micrscope
phase contrast
increased Lactobacillus acidopphilus leads to
increase C. albicans
QC of BSC airflow is every
year/annual
catalase test for Staph/Strep uses
3% H2O2
slide coagulase test checks for
bound coag
tube coagulase test checks for
free coag
which coagulase test is screening
slide
positive result in catalase test shows
gas bubble
agar used in mannitol feermentation test
mannitol salt agar
component of the MSA
7.5% NaCL
poitive mannitol fermentation in MSA shows
yellow
neg: red
DNase test detects
DNA
two methods for DNAse test
toluidine blue
HCl ppt
ID for S. saprophyticus
novobiocin resistance test
bacte positive in the modified oxidase test
micrococcus luteus
is enterotoxin endo or exo
exo
staph. aureus property responsible for the SSS
exfoliatin/epidermolysin
in aureus, this dissolves clot
staphylokinase
in aureus, this is the spreading afctor
hyaluronidase
in aureus, this is the fat splitting enzyme
lipase
ID of S. pyogenes
bacitracin susceptible
CAMP stands fo
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
ID for strep. agalactiae
hippurate +
S. pyogenes in CAMP
arrow head zone beta hemolysis
ID for strep. pneumoniae
optochin susceptible
in strep, positive in bile solubility test
strep. pneumoniae
in strep, negative in bile solubility
iridans streptococcus/ e. faecalis
positive result in bile solubility shows
lysis of bacte colony
ID for pediococcus or leuconostoc
vancomycin
gram positive cocci in chain, pairs
streptococcus
pinpoint colonies
strep
pinhead colonies
staph
slsective medium for strep
PEA
1 cause of neonatal meningitis
S. agalactiae
gram positive diplococci, lancet shaped
S. pneumoniae
most common casuse of otitis media
s. pneumoniae
1 cause of adult bacterial meningitis
s. pneumoniae
casuse of dental plaques/caries
strep. mutans
a nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS), required vit. B6
abiotrophia
kidney/coffee bean shaped in PMNs
N. gonorrhea
virulence of N. gonorrhea
pili
main difference of Nocardia and Actinomyces aisde from acid fast
actinomyces has sulfure granules
thw only gram positive bacte that produce H2S
erysipelothrix
how to differentiate Listeria and Coryne
Listeria is psitive in all (motility, esculin, salicin, CAMP)
only mycobacteria that do not grow on agar
M. leprae
mycobacteria from unpasteruized mild
m. bovis
which is MOTT/NTM
m. leprae
tests done after psitive in LJ media
niacin and nitrate
how to differentiate Mtb from m. bovis
M.tb is positive in niacin and nitrate
number of sputum as per DOH in DSSM
2
M.tb requires ____ to grow
5% CO2
the virulence of m.tb
cord factor
is saliva acceptable for DSSM
yes
added to sputum to inhibit pseudomonas
oxalic acid
oxalic acid inhibits ____ in sputum
pseudomonas
sputulysin in DSSM sputum
dithiothreitol
AFB grading of 0
no AFB/300 fields
AFB grading of +n
1-9/100fields
AFB grading of 1+
10-99/100fields
AFB grading of 2+
1-10/at least 50
AFB grading of 3+
> 10/at least 20
ideal size for DSSM
2x3cm
required fields read in DSSM
300
DOTS stands for
directly observe treatment strategy
dry smear prior heat fixing to ____
prevent aerosols
used loops in DSSM are cleansed with
70% alcohol with sand
inhibitory agent for normal flora in eggbased media for sputum
malachite green
sterilization for egg based media
insipation(?)
emmeda for AST of sputum
Middlebrook 7H10-H11
growth in LJ means mycobacterium
no. may be nocardia
best media for mycobacteria
lowenstein-jensen
carbon source in LJ media
glycerol
colony of M.tb in LJ media
butt-colored cauliflower, non-pigmented
liquid media used for mycobacteria
Middlebrook 7H9/12
most rapid test for mycobacteria
gene expert
gold standard for mycobacteria
culture
positive in mantoux shows
5-10mm induration
positive in niacin test for mycobacteria shows
yellow color
catalase test for mycobacteria uses
30% H2O2
important results in catalase test in myco
(+) kansasii
(-) m.tb
medium used in catalase test for mycobacteria
tween 80
temp used in catalase test for mycobacteria
68 oC
important reslts in tellurite red. test for mycobacterium
(+) avium
(-) kansasii
psoitive result in tellurite reduc test shows
blackening
arylsulfatase test determines mycobacteria that are _____
rapid growers
this is psiitive in arylsulfatase teste
m. fortuitum-chelonae
rounyoun 1 is
photochromogens
rounyoun2 is
scotochromogens
rounyoun 3 is
non-photochromogen
rounyoun 4 is
rapid growers
rounyoun 1 includes
m. kansasii
marinum
asiaticum
simiae
rounyoun 2 includes
m. scrofulaceum
gordonae
szulgai
xenopi
flavescens
which rounyoun 2 is also nonphoto
m. xenopi
rounyoun 2 that is also photo and at what temp is i photo
szulgai
@25 oC
causes swimming pool granuloma
m. marinum
mycobacteria that causes cervical lymph adenitis
m. scrofulaceum
m. sccrofulaceum causes
cervical lymph adenitis
common name for m. gordonae
tap water bacillus
rounyoun 3 would appear as
cream/buff in 10-21 days
myco common in HIV patients
m. avium
syndrome caused by m. avium
lady windermere syndrome
the mycobacterium needing RBC and HGb
m. haemophilus
common name for m. intracellulare
battey bacillus
the urine AFB, confused with m.tb in urine
m. smegmatis
how long it takes for rapid growers to grow
3-7 days
how to differentiate m.tb from m. smegmatis
pappenheimer stain
can grow in Mac without crystal violet
m. fortuitum-chelonae
a radioimmunoassay test for mycobacterium
bactec 460 middlebrook 7H12
a immunofluorescence assay for mycobacterium
mycobacteria growth indicator tube (Middlebrook 7H9)
bactecc 460 middlebrook 7H12 uses
14 CO2 radioisotope
no growth in bactec 12B + NAP (inhibition test) is myco. ______
tuberculosis
how to differentaite fortuitum from chelonae
nitrate and uptake of iron and 5% NaCL
macrophages with AFB are called
lepra cells
specimen for m. leprae
tissue juice
AFB that is sshaped as cigarette-packet/picket-fence
m. leprae
common name for m. leprae
hansen
which is more dangerous, lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy? and why
lepromatous bcoz lepromine is negative (meaning cell mediated shit is not working anymore) and many AFB
lepromine positive
tuberculoid leprosy
lepromine negative
lepromatous leprosy
key characterisitic of lepromatous patients
leonine face
skin test for leprosy
lepromine
culture of m. leprae
armadillo foot pads
stin for leprae
fite faraco (hematoxylin-counterstain)
a pleomorphic, rod-cocci, considered th epink bacteria
rhodococcus equi
causes the Crohn/s disease
m. paratuberculosis
m. paratuberculosis causes
Crohn’s disease
specimen for nocardia culture
sputum and tissue samples
pleomorphic gram pos rods that may be club shaped or pallisade
corynebacte
metahchromatic granules in corynebacteria
Babes-Ernst granules
BAP colony of raised, translucent, gray
corynebacteria
also called the Kleb-Loeffler’s bacillus
C. diphtheriae
appearance of c. diphtheriae infection that causes suffocation due to obstruction of airway
bull neck
skin test for diphtheria
Schick test
definitive and confirmaory test for diphtheria
elek test
culture media for c. diphtheriae
Pai
loeffler
test for toxigenicity of c. diphtheriae
elek test
skin test for Scarlet fever
Dick
inhibits normal flora in c. diphtheriae culture
tellurite
biotypes of c. diphtheriae
gravis
intermedius
mitis
belfanti
the only nontoxigenic biotype of c. diph
belfanti
the only beta hemo biotype of c. diph
mitis
the toxigenic biotypes of c. diph
gravis
intermedius
mitis
only pathogenic corynebacteria
diphtheriae
ulcerans
coryne that causes mastitis in cattle
c. ulcerans
other name for c. pseudotb
c. ovix
how to differentiate c. ulcerans and c. pseudotb
starch HOH
old anme of glucose
dextrose
old name of sucrose
sacarose
coryne that causes conjunctivitis
c. xerosis
coryne that is skin normal flora, and drug resistant
c. jeikeium
Hoffman’s bacillus
c. pseudoditheriticum
agent of erythrasma
coryne. minutissimum
coryne. minutissimum appears as ______ on wood’s lt.
coral red fluorescence
coryne. minutissimum causes
erythrasma
shows inverted triangle in reverse CAMP with S. aureus
arcanobacterium haemolyticum
arcanobacterium haemolyticum shows ___ in reverse camp with s. aureus
inverse triangle
largest pathogenic bacteria
bacillus anthracis
bamboo shaped in chain bacte, square end
bacillus anthracis
capsular stain for bacillus anthracis
McFadyean’s
bicarbonate in medium for b anthracis is for
capsular formation
why is the capsule of b. anthracis not true capsule
bcoz it is made of D glutamate not polysachh
cutaneous infection of anthrax
malignant pustule
malignant pustule shows
black eschar
pulmonary anthrax
woolsorter’s
other name of woolsorter’s
ragpicker’s dx
intestinnal anthra
gastroenteritis
slective medium for anthrax
PLET polymixin lysozyme EDTA thallous acetate
colony of anthrax
medusa head
a sero. pptn test, to detect anthrax antigen, done on animal
ascoli test
definitive and confirmatory test for anthrax
PCR
presumptive/screening test for anthrax
penicillin suscept test
colony of anthrax on BAP
flat, irreg, swirling projections, non-hemo
virulence of b. cereus
exotoin
fried rice bacillus is
b. cereus
which is motile, anthra or cerues
cereus
basta capsulated, ito ay _____
nonmotile
used for QC on gas ethylene oxide
bacillus subtilis
common eye infection in heroin addicts
b. subtilis
causes flat sour spoilage
stearothermophilus
obligate anaerobe gram (+) with endospore
clostridium
all clostridium are saccharolytic except
tetani and speticum
3 types of clostridium
neurotoxic
hisototix
enteric
neurtoxic clostri includes
tetani
botulinum
histotoxic clostri includes
perfringens
septicum
enteric clostri includes
difficile
the only encapsulated clostridium
perfringens
box car shaped bacillus
c. perfringens
diseases caused by perfringens
gas gangrene
food poisoning
necrotic enteritis
gas gangrene by perfringens causes
myonecrosis
necrotic enteritis by perfringens is also called
pig-bel disease
agar for perfringens
neomycin egg yolk/Mc Clung/Nagler agar
test to detect perfringens toxin
nagler/lecithinase test
positive in Nagler agar shows
opalescence on agar w/o antitoxin
stormy fermentation of milk is a lab dx for
perfringens
canned good bacillus
c. botulinum
most potent neurotoxin
botutlinum
infant botulism is usually caused bu how
honey bee on milks
infant with botulism would look like
floppy baby
terminal spore, tennis racket or drumstick, tack ehad bacillus
c. tetani
how is flaccid paralysis caused in botulism
the toxin blocks release of acetylcholine
virulence of tetani
tetanolysin
tetanospasmin
the tetani exotxin inhibits neurons in CNS and cause
spastic paralysis
sardonic smile is laso called
risus sardonicus
arching of the back by tetani is also called
opisthotonus
clostridium that is colon flora
difficile
major disease caused by difficile
antibiotic (clindamycin) assoc pseudomembranous enterocolitis
culture media for difficile
CCFA cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar
characterisitic of CCFA
yellow, horse manure odor
an example of reduced media for anaerobic culture
Schaedler
AST medium for anaerobes
Wilkin-Chalgren broth and agar
definitive test foranaerobes, acid analysis
gas liquid chromatography
proof of anaerobiosis in gas pak jar
moisture in jar
indicator turns colorless
indicators in the gas pak jar
methylene blue
resazurin
brick red fluorescence
prevotella
porphyromonas
red fluorescence
veilonella
pitting of agar
b. ureolyticus
double zone of hemolysis
c. perfringens
swarming
c. tetani
c. septicum
molar tooth colony, sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
breadccrumb colony
f. nucleatum
horse oddor (CCFA)
c. difficile
KVC pattern of B. fragilis
RRR
KVC pattern of porphyromonas
RSR
KVC pattern of prevotella
RRS
KVC pattern of b. urealyticum/fusobacterium
SRS
KVC pattern of clostridium
SSR
on KVC, what bacteria has RRR pattern
b. fragilis
on KVC, what bacteria has RSR
porphyromonas
on KVC, what bacteria has RRS
prevotella
on KVC, what bacteria has SRS
b. urealyticum/fusobacterium
on KVC, what bacteria has SSR
clostridium
fungus like bacter, ray fungus
actinomyces
draining sinus tract with sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
lumpy jaw is caused by
actinomyces bovis
what bodies are seen in lactobacillus
doderlein bodies
gram post anaerobic bacilli
actinomyces bifidobacterium eubacterium propionebacterium lacctobacillus mobiluncus
gram neg anaerobic bacilli
bacteroides porphyromonas prevotella fusobacterium f. necrophorum bacteroides urealyticum
cause of Vincent’s angina
F. necrophorum
Vincent’s angina is a synergistic inefction by ______
F. necrophorum and B. vincentii
Lemierre’s disease is caused by
F. necrophorum
ddiseases caused by F. neccrophorum
Lemierre’s
Vincent’s angina
gram positive anaerobic cocci
peptostreptococcus anaerobius, asaccharolyticus, niger
SPS sensitive gram (+) anaerobic cocci
peptostreptococcus anaerobius
gram neg anaerobic coccci
veilonella parvula
megassphera
acidaaminococcus
usually seen after jaw surgery bcoz it is oral flora
veilonella parvula
in nirate reduction test, zinc dust is added to
detect unreduced nitrate
used to detect unreduced nitrate in nitrate reduc test
zinc dust
a pathogenicity test for enteric, also a lactose fermentation test
ONPG o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactophyranoside
gram neg bacilli would have what results on BAP CAP Mac
all positive
gram pos bacteria would have what results on BAP CAP Mac
negative on Mac
Neisseria adn Haemophilus would have what results on BAP CAP Mac
positive on CAP only
LOA test consists of
lysine-ornithine-arginine
LOA uses how many tubes
3 tube + 1 control tube
in LOA, lysine becomes
cadaverine
in LOA, ornithine becomes
putrescine
in LOA, arginine becomes
citrulline
medium used in LOA test
Moeller’s decarboxylase medium
the next step when there is growth on Mac
oxidase test
(+) p. aeruginosa
(-) e. coli
indicator in Moeller’s medium
bromcresol purple
A/A in TSI means
2-3 sugars fermented
K/A in TSI means
glucose fermented
K/K in TSI means
no sugar fermeted
pseudomonas
gas producers are called
aerogenic
what happends in LIA butt
lysine decarboxylation
what happends in LIA slant
lysine deamination
results in LIA butt
(+) purple
(=) yellow
results in LIA slant
(+) red
(-) yellow
component of the Erlich/Kovac’s rgt
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
indole came from
tryptophan
the opposites in IMViC
methyl red and voges-proskauer
test for the mixed acid of glucose fermentation
methyl red
other name for MRVP medium
Clark and Lubs dextrose broth
Voges Proskauer detects
acetoin
(+) in VP test
(-) in MR
KESH
Kleb, Entero, Serratia, Hafnia
Coblentz method in Voges Proskauer uses
alpha napthol in 40% KOH in creatine
Barrits method in Voges Proskauer uses
alpha napthol and KOH
difference of Barrits and Coblentz in Voges Proskauer
Barrits for gram neg
Coblentz for gram pos
carbon source in citrate utilization test
citrate
end product of acetamide utilization test
ammonia
important results in acetamide utili test
+ aeruginosa
- s. maltophilia
positive bacteria in malonate utili test
KECH
kleb enteri citro hafnia
media used in urease test
Christensen agar-Stuart urea broth
phenylalanine deaminase positive (PAD)
PMP
proteus morganella providencia
positive bacte in KCN broth test
KEPPC
kleb entero proteus providencia citro
string test uses
0.5% sodium desoxycholate
string test is ID for
vibrio cholerae
the crystal violet in Mac serves as
antifungal
all enterobacteriaceae are motile except
kleb and shigella
all enterobacteriacea are oxidase negative except
plesiomonas
1 cause of UTI
e. coli
IMVic results of E. coli
++–
2 cause of neonatal meningitis
E. coli
all E. coli are MUG(+) except
O157:H7
strains that causes ETEC
O6 8 25
strains that cause EPEC
O111 114
strains that causes EIEC
O124 143 164
strains that cause EHEC
O157:H7
traaveller’s (turista) diarrhea, watery diarrhea
ETEC
infanitle diarrhea by e. coli
EPEC
an ocular virulence test
sereny test
sereny test is used for
EIEC
HUS, hemolytic colitis by e. coli
ETEC/VTEC
result of O157:H7 in sorbitol Mac
negative
the only negative e. coli strain in sorbitol Mac
O157:H7
stacked bricked pattern of cells is seen in what e. coli inf
enteroaggregative E. coli
unique feature seen in enteroaggregative e. coli
stacked brick pattern of cells
acute and chronic diarrhea caused by e. coli
enteroaggregative e. coli
IMViC results of enterobacter
–++
all enterobacters are urease negative except
e. gergoviae
LDC negative control
e. cloacae
how to differentiate e. pantoea agglomerans from the rest
LOA test, all negative
LDC positive control
k. pneumoiae
common name for k. pneumoniae
friedlander’s bacillus
how to differentiate k. pneumoniae and k. oxytoca
indol
(+) oxytoca
(-) pneumoniae
only lactose fermenting salmonella
salmonella arizona
citrobacter that causes neonatal meningitis
c. diversus
new name of c. diversus
koseri
how to differentiate c. freundii and s. typhi
c. freundi is LF and LDC(-)
all Proteeae (PMP) are urease positive except
p. alcalifacien
all proteeae are LOA ___ except
morganella and p. mirabilis
all proteeae are indole (+) except
p. mirabilis
presumptive test for proteeae
PAD
virulence of proteus
urease
2 cause of UTI and renal stones
proteus
a swarming phenomenon of proteus
dienes
used bacteria in weil-felix test
proteus
proteus provides ___ in weil-felix test
Oxk-kingsbury
TSI rxn of proteeae
K/@
LIA rxn of proteeae
R/A
test for serotypes of salmonella
kauffman white scheme
all salmonella are aerogenic except
sal. typhi
gallinarum
all salmonella are motile except
galinnarum
pullorum
appearance of stool in salmonellosis
pea-soup stool
how to differentiate proteus and salmonella
use KCN, urease, PAD
proteus all positive
specimen for 1t week of typhoid fever
blood
specimen for 2nd wk of typhoid
stool, carrier
confirmatory for typhoid fever
bone marrow culture
salmonella that causes septiciia
s. paratyphi/cholera suis
salmonella that causes gastroenteritis
enteritidis
salmonella that causes food poisoning
typhimurium
how to differentiate salmonella sonnei from the rest
ornithine and ONPG positive
pnemonics for the O antigens of the salmonella spp
ABCD-DFBS
biochemically inert bacteria
shigella
a bacteria that’s NLF but also considered late lactose
serratia marcescens
serratia that is ommon blood bag contam
liquefacien
what makes serratia red
prodigiosin
arabinose (+) serratia
rubidae
IMViC similar to E. coli
Edwardsiella tara ++–
differentiate Edwardsiella from Salmonella using
indole test
safety pin appearance
yersinia pestis
bacteria responsible for black death (bio terrorism)
yersinia pestis
stalactite (+) bacter
y. pestis
bacteria motile at 22 oC but not at 35 oC
y. enterocolitica
appearance of y. enterocolitica in CIN agar
bull’s eye
bull’s eye in CIN agar indicates
y. enterocolitica
cold enrichment @ 4oC (listeria)
y. enterocolitica
the only zoonotic yersnia bacte
y. pseudotb
bacteria used asQC for oxidase
(+) p. aeruginosa
(-) e. coli
all vibrio are oxidase positive except
v. mitschnikovii
all vibrio are halophilic except
cholerae
mimicus
all vibrio has colorless colonhy on Mac except
vulnificus
responsible for rice watery stool
cholerae
other name for cholera toxin
choleragen
phenomenon that is the lysis of v. cholerae
pfeipper’s pheno
the more common biotype of v. cholerae causing pandemic cholera
el tor
v. cholerae serotypethat has both ogawa and inaba
hikojima
cholera red test results
nitrate and indole (+)
other name for cholera red test
nitroso-indole test
TCBS stands for
thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose
TTGA stands for
tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar
bacteria that has beta hemolysis on wagatsuma
v. parahaemolyticus
only vibrio found in blood
vulnificus
NaCL reqt of vibrio
3 5 8 10%
how to differentiate vibrio from plesiomonas and aeromonas
NaCl reqt
curved, darting motility, seagull wing
campylobacter
microaerphilic bacteria
campylobacter
bacteria that resembles campylo
suturella wadworthiensis
cause of guillain barre
c. jejuni
1 cause of gastroenteritis in US
c. jejuni
how to differentiate c jejuni from h. pylori
urea breath test
(+) pylori
the only hippurate positive campylobacter
c. jejuni
coryne that causes otitis meddia
c. auris
the only clostridium that is assacharolytic
c. tetani
anaerobic media are media that are ______ and contains hemin, blood, vitK, sodium bicaarb
pre-reduced
(+) clostridium
botulinum
novyii
sporogenes
papasa ka ba sa boards
yes
