Microbiology 5: Parasitic infections Flashcards
What are the 2 broad subtypes of endoparasites?
Protozoa
Metozoa
What are the 4 subtypes of protozoa? Recall the mnemonic
Amoeba Coccidiae Ciliates Flagellates A Cell Causing Fever
What is an endoparasite?
Single-celled eukaryote
Recall which endoparasites will produce an eosinophilia
No eosinophilia from protozoa
Metozoa can produce an eosinophilia when they enter the bloodstream
Recall the 3 most common causes of death by parasitic infection worldwide
Schistomiasis
Malaria
Amoeba
What % of amoeba infections actually cause disease?
10%
Describe the disease state produced by amoeba infection
Dysentry
Liver abcsess
Recall the potential resevoirs for amoebae and the method of transmission
Only human
Via contaminated food/ water
Recall 3 examples of coccidia, and the mnemonic by which to remember them
“Coccidia protozoan types”
Cryptosporidium
Plasmodium
Toxoplasma
What sort of mosquitoes are capable of being a vector for plasmodium?
Female anopheles mosquitoes
What sort of pathogen is plasmodium?
Coccidia protozoan
Recall the stages of malarial disease in humans
- Blood stage
2. Liver stage
Recall the 3 main symptoms of malaria
Fever
Anaemia
Cerebral oedema
What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria
Chloroquine
What sort of disease is caused by cryptocporidium?
Diarrhoeal
What sort of disease is caused by ciliates?
Diarrhoea and dysentry
Recall 3 examples of flagellates and mnemonic to remember them
Tails Give Locomotion
Trichomonas
Giardia
Leishmania
What sort of disease is caused by giardia?
Diarrhoea
What is the most common non-viral STD?
Trichomonas
Recall the 2 forms of leishmania protozoan and how to differentiate them
Promastigote = form transmitted by sandfly Amastigote = form that is intracellular in host
Name 3 forms of disease caused by Leishmania
Visceral leishmaniasis
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Post kala-azar leishmaniasis
What sort of parasite is Leishmania?
Flagellate endoparasite
What is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and what are its symptoms?
Visceral - fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia
Recall the different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Localised, diffused, mucocutaneous
Recall 3 examples of metozoa and 2 names given to each of these
Flatworms - cestodes
Roundworm - nemotodes
Fluke - Trematodes
What is the most common parasitic infection worldwide?
Aschariasis
Which sort of Helminth may cause an IDA?
Hookworm
Which type of parasite causes elephantiasis?
Lymphatic filiariasis
What is the most common form of flatworm?
Taenia (tapeworm)
Which metozoan is capable of crossing the BBB and what is the result of this?
Taenia
Can cause epilepsy
What is the most common form of fluke?
Schistoma (causing schistoiasis)
What is the 1st line treatment for cestodes and tremotodes?
Praziquantel
Name 3 forms of ectoparasite
Sarcoptes scabei
Pediculus humanus
Pthirus pubis
