Microbiology 3: Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections Flashcards
Define “outbreak”
Greater than normal/ expected number of individuals infected/ diagnosed with a particular infection in a given period of time/ place/ both
What is required in order to identify an outbreak of a disease?
Good surveillance
What strain of bacteria produced an outbreak in Germany in 2011?
Entero-aggregative E Coli (EAEC)
Recall 3 virulence factors expressed by EAEC
Adhesive surface fimbriae
ESBL
Shiga toxin
What is the function of shiga toxin?
Inhibits protein synthesis
Recall 2 common community-acquired respiratory infections
Legionella and TB
What is the significant virulence factor encoded by Legionella?
Type IV secretion system
What is the main challenge when treating TB infection?
Have to complete a 6 month cause of antibiotics
Recall 2 common community-acquired venereal infections
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
In LEDCs, what is a common result of chlamydia infection?
Blindness
Recall 2 pathogens that can enter the body via under-cooked poultry
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Recall 3 common community-acquired food-borne infections
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Listeria monocytogenes
What is the most prevalent strain of campylobacter?
C. jejuni
Recall 3 important virulence factors encoded by campylobacter
Adhesion factors
Flagella (–> motility)
Type IV secretion system
What does “SP” stand for in microbiology?
Pathogenicity island
What is the most important virulence factor encoded by salmonella?
Type III secretion system
What are the 2 most significant virulence factors encoded by vibrio cholerae?
Type IV fimbriae
Cholera toxin
Why is listeria monocytogenes particularly dangerous for pregnant women?
Can cross materno-foetal barrier
Found in unpasteurised cheese
Recall 4 vaccine-preventable diseases
Diptheria
Pertussis (bordatella)
Tetanus (clostridium tetani)
H. influenzae
What is an endotoxin?
Lipid moiety of LPS (so only produced by G- bacteria)
Recall the 6 ESCAPE pathogens
Enterococcus faecium S. aureus C. difficile Acitenobacter baumanii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter spp
Which pathogen is the most frequent cause of UTI?
E Coli
Recall one beta-lactam antibiotic that E coli that encodes ESBL is resistant to, and one that it is mostly still susceptible to
Resistant to cephalosporins
Mostly still resistant to carbapenems
How does ESBL convey resistance to beta lactam antibiotics?
Inhibits PBPs
How is resistance to methicillin conveyed in MRSA?
Expresses PBP2a which has a low affinity for methicillin
How does VRE convey resistance to vancomycin?
Synthesises a different peptidoglycan precursor
