Microbiology

Question 1

What are the reportable diseases report to?

Answer 1

State level

Question 2

What are the notifiable diseases report to?

Answer 2

CDC

Question 3

How is the info of disease is travelled?

Answer 3

Hospital—>state department—>CDC—>MMWR/Annual reports

Question 4

What is the incidence (per 100,000) for common cold?

Answer 4

1/4

Question 5

Incidence for gonorrhea?

Answer 5

1/1000

Question 6

Incidence for Influenze?

Answer 6

1/4000

Question 7

Incidence for AIDS?

Answer 7

1/10000 around the same as pneumonia

Question 8

What kind of virus is responsible for SARS/MERS/Swine flu/ebola?

Answer 8

RNA viruses
SARS/MERS—>coronavirus
Swine flu—>H1N1

Question 9

What are the characteristics/treatment of hair pediculosis?

Answer 9

Usually on scalp/school girls share hair accessories/need to use insecticide TWICE/hot wash all clothing
Lice lay eggs as nit

Question 10

What are the characteristics/treatment of body pediculosis?

Answer 10

Usually on clothing/homeless people/do laundry hot wash clothing/use insecticide on clothing

Question 11

What are the characteristics/treatment of pubic pediculosis?

Answer 11

On pubic hair/shave it hot wash clothing/check partner and children

Question 12

What do you use to treat serovar D-K-genital chlamydia?

Answer 12

Doxycycline or azithromycin

Use Erythromycin plus amoxicillin to treat prego and kids under 9

Question 13

What do you use to treat gonorrhea?

Answer 13

Ceftriaxone

Question 14

What do you use to treat primary and secondary syphilis?

Answer 14

Penicillin G

Question 15

What do you get for gonorrhea for disseminated infection?

Answer 15

Septic arthritis

Question 16

What cells does HIV (RNA virus) invade?

Answer 16

CD4 cells

Question 17

If CD4 cells drop below 200, we call that?

Answer 17

AIDS

Question 18

What does HAART (for HIV) stands for?

Answer 18

Highly active antiviral therapy—>introduce in the 90s—>reduce death rate (keep CD4 count high)

Question 19

What is “window period” regarding infectious disease?

Answer 19

The time period from being contagious and symptomatic

Question 20

What is the first area of disease as CD4 count drops?

Answer 20

Skin disease

Question 21

What is PCP and what is its relation with HIV?

Answer 21

PCP (pneumocystic pneumonia)—>hallmark of HIV

Question 22

Why was AZT not as effective in treating HIV?

Answer 22

AZT has temporary effect—>virus quickly become resists to it

Question 23

What is the current treatment criterion for HIV?

Answer 23

Offer HAART regardless asymptomatic/viral load/CD4 count

Question 24

What are the concerns for early HIV treatment?

Answer 24

Drug toxicity/non-adherence/resistance/cost

Question 25

What are the characteristics of HIV virus?

Answer 25

ssRNA/+ strand/retrovirus/lentivirus (slow to cause disease)

Question 26

What does HIV bind to during early and late infection?

Answer 26

Bind to CCR5 to macrophages early and then CXCR4 to T cells later (later induce synctium—>fusing of T cells—>T cells die)

Question 27

When is the phase I and II of HIV replication?

Answer 27

Infection till establishing latency is phase I. Then reactivating of the latency to start replicating is phase II

Question 28

Can T cells fuse without virion?

Answer 28

Yes, Env can be expressed outside of infected cells

Question 29

How does viral loaded kept so low for over a decade in a untreated HIV pt?

Answer 29

Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells keep it down—>then eventually HIV mutate—>other cells can’t handle them anymore—>AIDS