Microbiology Flashcards
What are the reportable diseases report to?
State level
What are the notifiable diseases report to?
CDC
How is the info of disease is travelled?
Hospital—>state department—>CDC—>MMWR/Annual reports
What is the incidence (per 100,000) for common cold?
1/4
Incidence for gonorrhea?
1/1000
Incidence for Influenze?
1/4000
Incidence for AIDS?
1/10000 around the same as pneumonia
What kind of virus is responsible for SARS/MERS/Swine flu/ebola?
RNA viruses
SARS/MERS—>coronavirus
Swine flu—>H1N1
What are the characteristics/treatment of hair pediculosis?
Usually on scalp/school girls share hair accessories/need to use insecticide TWICE/hot wash all clothing
Lice lay eggs as nit
What are the characteristics/treatment of body pediculosis?
Usually on clothing/homeless people/do laundry hot wash clothing/use insecticide on clothing
What are the characteristics/treatment of pubic pediculosis?
On pubic hair/shave it hot wash clothing/check partner and children
What do you use to treat serovar D-K-genital chlamydia?
Doxycycline or azithromycin
Use Erythromycin plus amoxicillin to treat prego and kids under 9
What do you use to treat gonorrhea?
Ceftriaxone
What do you use to treat primary and secondary syphilis?
Penicillin G
What do you get for gonorrhea for disseminated infection?
Septic arthritis
What cells does HIV (RNA virus) invade?
CD4 cells
If CD4 cells drop below 200, we call that?
AIDS
What does HAART (for HIV) stands for?
Highly active antiviral therapy—>introduce in the 90s—>reduce death rate (keep CD4 count high)
What is “window period” regarding infectious disease?
The time period from being contagious and symptomatic
What is the first area of disease as CD4 count drops?
Skin disease
What is PCP and what is its relation with HIV?
PCP (pneumocystic pneumonia)—>hallmark of HIV
Why was AZT not as effective in treating HIV?
AZT has temporary effect—>virus quickly become resists to it
What is the current treatment criterion for HIV?
Offer HAART regardless asymptomatic/viral load/CD4 count
What are the concerns for early HIV treatment?
Drug toxicity/non-adherence/resistance/cost
What are the characteristics of HIV virus?
ssRNA/+ strand/retrovirus/lentivirus (slow to cause disease)
What does HIV bind to during early and late infection?
Bind to CCR5 to macrophages early and then CXCR4 to T cells later (later induce synctium—>fusing of T cells—>T cells die)
When is the phase I and II of HIV replication?
Infection till establishing latency is phase I. Then reactivating of the latency to start replicating is phase II
Can T cells fuse without virion?
Yes, Env can be expressed outside of infected cells
How does viral loaded kept so low for over a decade in a untreated HIV pt?
Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells keep it down—>then eventually HIV mutate—>other cells can’t handle them anymore—>AIDS
