microbiology Flashcards
UTI common in
sexually active women
n elderly males
causation -the bac
80% E.coli in community acquired
5-10% staphylococcus saprophyticus in community acquired
40% E. coli in hospital
25% other gram neg bac in hospital
Most UTIs occur in the presence of a
(structurally and functionally) normal urinary tract
but abnormal structure of function predisposes to UTI
Symptoms of lower UTI:
dysuria
cloudy smell urine
• ↑frequency ↓volume
symptoms of upper tract UTI
high fever
back pain
vominting
investigations of UTI
Further Inx should NOT be considered for adult women with lower UTI, but rather for males, children, pyelonephritis patients → start with renal tract ultrasound.
What does blood / WBC in the urine mean?
often infection
which bacteria most commonly causes UTI?
e coli
treatment of Recurrent UTIs in women
treat for longer (10 days), consider USS, consider antibiotics , post coital voiding, cranberry products, intravaginal oestrogen (post menopausal women)
Cystitis commoner then
pyelonephritis
urinary infection
cystitis (lower urinary tract infection) and pyelonephritis (upper urinary tract infection)
pathogenesis of UTI
peri-urethral colonisation
inoculation (enter) into bladder
establishment in bladder
e coli has stuff to help cause UTIs:
fimbriae
polusaccharide capsular antigens (resist phagocytosis)
haemolysins
proteus has urease -can lead to stones
what does WBC in urine mean
infection
pyuria
WBC in urine
=inflammation
(n most common cause of inflammation is infection)
