acid base Flashcards
respiratory regulation of CO2
wen PCO2/plasma h+ high= increase ventilation
wen PCO2/plasma H+ low = decrease ventilation
hyperventilation= removes blood CO2/H+
hypoventilation=retains blood CO2/H+
increased arterial PCO2/decreased arterial PO2
o =decreased Ph o aka increased H+ o sensed by chemoreceptors o increase ventilation o get rid of more CO2 o H+ decreases o And ph increases back to normal
decrease in pH =increase in ventilation
increase in pH= decrease ventilation rate
ACIDOSIS
more CO2 or less Bicarbonate
respiratory acidosis= more CO2
metabolic acidosis=less B
ALKALOSIS
more Bicarbonate or less CO2
respiratory alkalosis= less CO2
metabolic alkalosis= more B
acidosis leads to
hyperkalaemia and hyperkalaemia leads to acidosis
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
CO2 too high
due to HYPOVENTILIATION, not breathing enough as seen in these diseases: asthma, COPD, opioids etc
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
B too low
due to DKA, lactic acidosis,
uraemia, diarrhoea
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
CO2 too low
due to HYPERVENTILATION, sepsis etc
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
B too high
due to dehydration (eg. Diuretics,
vomiting), cystic fibrosis, hyperaldosteronism
NOrmal value: pH
7.35-7.45
Normal value: CO2
35mmHg -45mmHg
Normal value: HCO3
22-26
normal value: O2
75 - 100 mmHg
CO2 below 35
resp alkalosis
CO2 above 45
resp acidosis
B below 22
metabolic acidosis
B above 26
metabolic alkalosis
normal value:anion gap
8-16
anion gap formula
(Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
anion gap and metabolic acidosis
if metabolic acidosis, check for anion gap
metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap
Cl- must have increased,
Hyperchloridaemia
DARN - Diarrhoea, Acetazolamide, Renal tubular
acidosis, Normal saline infusion
metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap
unmeasured anions must have increased
these anions, their H+ bind to and decrease HCO3-
KULT - Ketoacidosis, Uraemia, Lactic acidosis, Toxins
such as methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates
What acid base disturbance do you expect in Overuse of Morphine post operatively
resp alkalosis
