acid base

Question 1

respiratory regulation of CO2

Answer 1

wen PCO2/plasma h+ high= increase ventilation

wen PCO2/plasma H+ low = decrease ventilation

hyperventilation= removes blood CO2/H+
hypoventilation=retains blood CO2/H+

Question 2

increased arterial PCO2/decreased arterial PO2

Answer 2

o	=decreased Ph
o	aka increased H+ 
o	sensed by chemoreceptors
o	increase ventilation
o	get rid of more CO2
o	H+ decreases 
o	And ph increases back to normal

Question 3

decrease in pH =increase in ventilation

Answer 3

increase in pH= decrease ventilation rate

Question 4

ACIDOSIS

Answer 4

more CO2 or less Bicarbonate
respiratory acidosis= more CO2
metabolic acidosis=less B

Question 5

ALKALOSIS

Answer 5

more Bicarbonate or less CO2
respiratory alkalosis= less CO2
metabolic alkalosis= more B

Question 6

acidosis leads to

Answer 6

hyperkalaemia and hyperkalaemia leads to acidosis

Question 7

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Answer 7

CO2 too high

due to HYPOVENTILIATION, not breathing enough as seen in these diseases: asthma, COPD, opioids etc

Question 8

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 8

B too low

due to DKA, lactic acidosis,
uraemia, diarrhoea

Question 9

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Answer 9

CO2 too low

due to HYPERVENTILATION, sepsis etc

Question 10

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 10

B too high

due to dehydration (eg. Diuretics,
vomiting), cystic fibrosis, hyperaldosteronism

Question 11

NOrmal value: pH

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

Normal value: CO2

Answer 12

35mmHg -45mmHg

Question 13

Normal value: HCO3

Answer 13

22-26

Question 14

normal value: O2

Answer 14

75 - 100 mmHg

Question 15

CO2 below 35

Answer 15

resp alkalosis

Question 16

CO2 above 45

Answer 16

resp acidosis

Question 17

B below 22

Answer 17

metabolic acidosis

Question 18

B above 26

Answer 18

metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

normal value:anion gap

Answer 19

8-16

Question 20

anion gap formula

Answer 20

(Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Question 21

anion gap and metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

if metabolic acidosis, check for anion gap

Question 22

metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap

Answer 22

Cl- must have increased,
Hyperchloridaemia
DARN - Diarrhoea, Acetazolamide, Renal tubular
acidosis, Normal saline infusion

Question 23

metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap

Answer 23

unmeasured anions must have increased

these anions, their H+ bind to and decrease HCO3-
KULT - Ketoacidosis, Uraemia, Lactic acidosis, Toxins
such as methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates

Question 24

What acid base disturbance do you expect in Overuse of Morphine post operatively

Answer 24

resp alkalosis

Question 25

What acid base disturbance do you expect in Heroin OD

Answer 25

resp alka

Question 26

What acid base disturbance do you expect in Loop diuretic use

Answer 26

metabo alka