acid base Flashcards
respiratory regulation of CO2
wen PCO2/plasma h+ high= increase ventilation
wen PCO2/plasma H+ low = decrease ventilation
hyperventilation= removes blood CO2/H+
hypoventilation=retains blood CO2/H+
increased arterial PCO2/decreased arterial PO2
o =decreased Ph o aka increased H+ o sensed by chemoreceptors o increase ventilation o get rid of more CO2 o H+ decreases o And ph increases back to normal
decrease in pH =increase in ventilation
increase in pH= decrease ventilation rate
ACIDOSIS
more CO2 or less Bicarbonate
respiratory acidosis= more CO2
metabolic acidosis=less B
ALKALOSIS
more Bicarbonate or less CO2
respiratory alkalosis= less CO2
metabolic alkalosis= more B
acidosis leads to
hyperkalaemia and hyperkalaemia leads to acidosis
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
CO2 too high
due to HYPOVENTILIATION, not breathing enough as seen in these diseases: asthma, COPD, opioids etc
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
B too low
due to DKA, lactic acidosis,
uraemia, diarrhoea
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
CO2 too low
due to HYPERVENTILATION, sepsis etc
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
B too high
due to dehydration (eg. Diuretics,
vomiting), cystic fibrosis, hyperaldosteronism
NOrmal value: pH
7.35-7.45
Normal value: CO2
35mmHg -45mmHg
Normal value: HCO3
22-26
normal value: O2
75 - 100 mmHg
CO2 below 35
resp alkalosis
CO2 above 45
resp acidosis
B below 22
metabolic acidosis
B above 26
metabolic alkalosis
normal value:anion gap
8-16
anion gap formula
(Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
anion gap and metabolic acidosis
if metabolic acidosis, check for anion gap
metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap
Cl- must have increased,
Hyperchloridaemia
DARN - Diarrhoea, Acetazolamide, Renal tubular
acidosis, Normal saline infusion
metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap
unmeasured anions must have increased
these anions, their H+ bind to and decrease HCO3-
KULT - Ketoacidosis, Uraemia, Lactic acidosis, Toxins
such as methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates
What acid base disturbance do you expect in Overuse of Morphine post operatively
resp alkalosis
What acid base disturbance do you expect in Heroin OD
resp alka
What acid base disturbance do you expect in Loop diuretic use
metabo alka
