Microbiology 2110 Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Which type of microbe has not been CONFIRMED to cause disease/infection in humans
A
Archaea
2
Q
Inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents, can transfer disease to a new host
A
Fomite
3
Q
A disease that is always present in a certain population or region
A
Endemic
4
Q
How many people does acute respiratory infections kill a year
A
More than 4 million
5
Q
Respiratory Infections - Aerosols
A
Aerosols are important for person to person transmissions of many infectious diseases
6
Q
Respiratory Infections - Pathogens
A
Pathogens survive poorly in air, they are effectively transmitted only over short distances
7
Q
Fomites
A
Can cause transmissions
8
Q
Respiratory infections
A
offer different environmental niches, and favor different microbes
9
Q
Upper tract infections
A
Acute , non life threatening
10
Q
Lower tract Infections
A
Chronic , can be life threatening
11
Q
Upper and lowers tract infections
A
They can set the stage for secondary infections
12
Q
Streptococcal Diseases
A
Infections occur if host defenses are weakened or if a highly virulent strain is introduced
13
Q
Encapsulated
A
Encapsulated strains are pathogenic (harder to kill)
14
Q
Treatment for streptococcal diseases
A
Antimicrobial agents
15
Q
Pathogen that causes Streptococcal Diseases
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
16
Q
Places Streptococcal Disease show up
A
Inner ear, Mammary glands, Skin as impetigo
17
Q
Group A streptococci are responsible for
A
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and Scarlet fever
18
Q
Group A streptococci can produce
A
Pyrogenic Exotoxin
19
Q
Rare cases of Group A streptococci can cause
A
Severe systemic infections and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria)
20
Q
Causative agent of Strep throat
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
21
Q
Causative agent of pneumonia
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
22
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a
A
common secondary agent
23
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is often the cause of
A
Death in older patients that have respiratory failure
24
Q
Diphtheria causative agent
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
25
Diphtheria is found in
Young children , a severe respiratory disease
26
Treatments for diphtheria
DTAP vaccine highly effective
Toxoid
27
Pertussis (Whooping cough) causative agent
Bordetella pertussis
28
Pertussis is common in
School age children, an acute highly infectious respiratory disease
29
Treatment for pertussis
Dtap vaccine, highly effective
30
Pertussis is
Endemic worldwide
31
Mycobacterium Diseases
Tuberculosis (TB)
Hansen’s disease (Leprosy)
32
Tuberculosis causative agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
33
Tb is transmitted
by airborne droplets
34
TB kills
1.5 million per year , top infectious disease killer world wide
35
Tb is a
Increasing Incidence
36
Hansen’s disease (Leprosy) Causative agent
Mycobacterium leprae
37
Hansen’s disease (Leprosy) is spread by
Direct contact or airborne
38
Staphylococcus Infections
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
39
Staphylococcus Infections infect
Skin and wounds
40
Staphylococcus Infections causes what in women
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
41
Virulence factors from Staphylococcus Infections
Hemolysins (lyse red blood cells)
Coagulase (enzyme that clots blood)
Leukocidin (protein that destroys white blood cells)
42
Which of the following is NOT a staphylococcal infection/disease
Acne
Boils
Strep throat
Meningitis
Strep throat
43
Destroyed tissue throughout the lungs and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in a sputum sample likely indicate infection by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
44
What causes STI's
a variety of bacteria, viruses, protists, and even fungi
45
Where are pathogens from STIs found
Body fluids from the genitourinary tract that are exchanged during sexual activity
46
Causative agent of gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
47
How is Gonorrhea spread
Person to person contact
48
Gonorrhea does not survive away from
Mucous membranes such as pharynx, conjunctiva, rectum, or genitourinary tract
49
Gonorrhea is often prevalent and asymptomatic in
Women
50
Symptoms in females
Mild vaginitis
Untreated can lead to pelvic inflammations
51
Symptoms in males
Painful infection of the urethral canal
52
Infants born to a mother with gonorrhea may acquire
An eye infection
53
Syphilis causative agent
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete
54
Syphilis is transmitted by
tiny breaks in the skin, epithelial layer
55
Syphilis transmitted from Mother to unborn baby
Congenital syphilis
56
Stages of Syphilis
Primary, Secondary, latent, tertiary
57
Treatments for Syphilis
Penicillin is higly effective for primary and secondary stages
58
Human experiments for syphilis
Tuskegee Experiment (1932-1972)
59
Tuberculoid Hansen’s disease is caused by the pathogen ______
Mycobacterium leprae
60
How is the syphilis spirochete initially transmitted?
Through tiny breaks in the skin epithelial layer
61
Rickettsial Disease are
small bacteria that have strict intracellular existence in vertebrates
62
Rickettsia's are associated with
Blood sucking arthropods
63
Rickettsia's have not been
cultured in artificial culture media
64
Rickettsia's growth normally takes place in
Animals, in the phagocytes such as macrophages
65
Rocky Mount Spotted fever
Rickettsia rickettisii - ticks
66
Epidemic typhus, Typhus fever
Rickettsia prowazekii- lice
67
Endemic Typhus
Rickettsia Typhi - Fleas
68
Lyme disease affects
humans and other animals
69
Where was lyme disease found
Old Lyme Connecticut
70
Lyme Disease is
Most prevalent arthropod borne disease in the United States
71
Lyme disease is spread by
The deer tick
72
Symptoms of lyme disease
Headache, Backache, Chills , and Fatigue
73
In 75% cases of lyme disease
A large rash occurs at the site of the tick bite
74
Lyme disease causative agent
Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete)
75
Lyme disease contains
a linear chromosome (as opposed to a circular) (RARE)
76
Initial stages of lyme disease
can be treated with antibiotics
77
Lyme disease chronic stage
develops in weeks to moths
78
Some patients with lyme disease develop
arthritis
79
Other patients with lyme disease develop
neurological damage or heart damage
80
Lyme disease has no
toxins or virulence factors have been identified but the pathogen triggers a strong immune response
81
Plague
Disease of domestic and wild rodents
Humans are accidental hosts
82
Plague has caused
more deaths in humans than any other bacterial disease
83
Plague causative agent
Yersinia pestis
84
Yersinia pestis is
a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium
85
Two main forms of plague infection
Bubonic and pneumonic
86
Plague can be treated if
Rapidly diagnosed
87
Plague is treated with
Gentamycin or Streptomycin
88
If plagues are treated promptly
mortality reduced to less than 5%
89
Anthrax Causative agent
Bacillus anthracis
90
Bacillus anthracis identified by
Robert Koch
91
What disseminate B. anthracis
Endospores
92
B. anthracis natural reservoir is
Soils commonly associated with farm animals
93
Treatment for Anthrax
Antibiotics if done early
Vaccine for high risk individuals
94
Anthrax
Use as a potential bioterrorism or biological warfare agent
95
Which of the following causes Rocky mountain fever
Rickettsia rickettsi
96
Waterborne Bacterial Diseases definition
Water that looks perfectly transparent may still be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms.
97
Waterborner and Foodborne disease are tested for
Indicator organisms
98
Presence of indicator organism
signals potential for disease
99
a key fecal coliform
Escherichia coli
100
Fecal coliforms are used in
water safety testing
101
an indicator organism
Coliforms
102
In the United States, water quality is reported to the EPA monthly as described by the
Safe drinking water act
103
Cholera
Severe gastrointestinal diarrheal disease
104
Cholera causative agent
Vibrio cholerae
105
Cholera is transmitted through
ingestion of contaminated water
106
Cholera is largely restricted to
developing countries
107
Cholera can be controlled by
application of water treatment
108
Vibrio cholerae attaches to
epithelial cells in the small intestine, where it grows and releases cholera toxin
109
The enterotoxin of cholera causes
fluid losses of up to 20 liters per person per day severe dehydration
110
Mortality rate of untreated Cholers
25–50%
Treatment reduces it to 1%
111
Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) Causative agent
Salmonella enterica (Serotype: typhi)
112
Salmonella enterica (Serotype: typhi)
the most important waterborne pathogenic bacteria
113
Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever) is transmitted by
Feces contaminated water
114
Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever) is transmitted by is common in what countries
Africa and southeast Asia
115
Progress of Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever)
ingested cells reach the small intestine grow enter the lymphatic system and bloodstream travel to many different organs
116
Food poisoning
ingestion of foods containing preformed microbial toxins
117
Microorganisms of food poising
Does not have to grow in the host
118
Food infection
Microbial infection resulting from the ingestion of pathogen-contaminated food followed by growth of pathogen in the host
119
Microbial sampling for foodborne disease
Eight microorganisms account for the great majority of foodborne illness
120
Whooping cough is frequently observed in
School age children
121
Salmonella is unlikely to be found in
Ticks
122
The Tuskegee study was performed on patients who were infected with
Treponema pallidum
123
Salmonellosis is caused by
eating food contaminated or handling Salmonella-infected animals
124
Onset of salmonellosis occurs
12-72 hours after ingestion
Disease normally resolves in 2-5 days
125
Salmonella ingested in food or water
invades phagocytes and grows as an intracellular pathogen
126
Listeriosis
A gastrointestinal food infection that may lead to bacteremia (bacteria in the blood) and meningitis
127
Listeriosis causative agent
Listeria monocytogenes
128
Listeria monocytogenes is a
intracellular pathogen
