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Microbiology 2110 > Microbiology 2110 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Microbiology 2110 Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which type of microbe has not been CONFIRMED to cause disease/infection in humans

A

Archaea

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2
Q

Inanimate object that, when contaminated with or exposed to infectious agents, can transfer disease to a new host

A

Fomite

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3
Q

A disease that is always present in a certain population or region

A

Endemic

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4
Q

How many people does acute respiratory infections kill a year

A

More than 4 million

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5
Q

Respiratory Infections - Aerosols

A

Aerosols are important for person to person transmissions of many infectious diseases

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6
Q

Respiratory Infections - Pathogens

A

Pathogens survive poorly in air, they are effectively transmitted only over short distances

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7
Q

Fomites

A

Can cause transmissions

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8
Q

Respiratory infections

A

offer different environmental niches, and favor different microbes

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9
Q

Upper tract infections

A

Acute , non life threatening

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10
Q

Lower tract Infections

A

Chronic , can be life threatening

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11
Q

Upper and lowers tract infections

A

They can set the stage for secondary infections

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12
Q

Streptococcal Diseases

A

Infections occur if host defenses are weakened or if a highly virulent strain is introduced

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13
Q

Encapsulated

A

Encapsulated strains are pathogenic (harder to kill)

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14
Q

Treatment for streptococcal diseases

A

Antimicrobial agents

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15
Q

Pathogen that causes Streptococcal Diseases

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

Places Streptococcal Disease show up

A

Inner ear, Mammary glands, Skin as impetigo

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17
Q

Group A streptococci are responsible for

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and Scarlet fever

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18
Q

Group A streptococci can produce

A

Pyrogenic Exotoxin

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19
Q

Rare cases of Group A streptococci can cause

A

Severe systemic infections and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating bacteria)

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20
Q

Causative agent of Strep throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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21
Q

Causative agent of pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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22
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a

A

common secondary agent

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23
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is often the cause of

A

Death in older patients that have respiratory failure

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24
Q

Diphtheria causative agent

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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25
Q

Diphtheria is found in

A

Young children , a severe respiratory disease

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26
Q

Treatments for diphtheria

A

DTAP vaccine highly effective
Toxoid

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27
Q

Pertussis (Whooping cough) causative agent

A

Bordetella pertussis

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28
Q

Pertussis is common in

A

School age children, an acute highly infectious respiratory disease

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29
Q

Treatment for pertussis

A

Dtap vaccine, highly effective

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30
Q

Pertussis is

A

Endemic worldwide

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31
Q

Mycobacterium Diseases

A

Tuberculosis (TB)
Hansen’s disease (Leprosy)

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32
Q

Tuberculosis causative agent

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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33
Q

Tb is transmitted

A

by airborne droplets

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34
Q

TB kills

A

1.5 million per year , top infectious disease killer world wide

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35
Q

Tb is a

A

Increasing Incidence

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36
Q

Hansen’s disease (Leprosy) Causative agent

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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37
Q

Hansen’s disease (Leprosy) is spread by

A

Direct contact or airborne

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38
Q

Staphylococcus Infections

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus

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39
Q

Staphylococcus Infections infect

A

Skin and wounds

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40
Q

Staphylococcus Infections causes what in women

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

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41
Q

Virulence factors from Staphylococcus Infections

A

Hemolysins (lyse red blood cells)
Coagulase (enzyme that clots blood)
Leukocidin (protein that destroys white blood cells)

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42
Q

Which of the following is NOT a staphylococcal infection/disease
Acne
Boils
Strep throat
Meningitis

A

Strep throat

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43
Q

Destroyed tissue throughout the lungs and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in a sputum sample likely indicate infection by

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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44
Q

What causes STI’s

A

a variety of bacteria, viruses, protists, and even fungi

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45
Q

Where are pathogens from STIs found

A

Body fluids from the genitourinary tract that are exchanged during sexual activity

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46
Q

Causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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47
Q

How is Gonorrhea spread

A

Person to person contact

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48
Q

Gonorrhea does not survive away from

A

Mucous membranes such as pharynx, conjunctiva, rectum, or genitourinary tract

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49
Q

Gonorrhea is often prevalent and asymptomatic in

A

Women

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50
Q

Symptoms in females

A

Mild vaginitis
Untreated can lead to pelvic inflammations

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51
Q

Symptoms in males

A

Painful infection of the urethral canal

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52
Q

Infants born to a mother with gonorrhea may acquire

A

An eye infection

53
Q

Syphilis causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum
Spirochete

54
Q

Syphilis is transmitted by

A

tiny breaks in the skin, epithelial layer

55
Q

Syphilis transmitted from Mother to unborn baby

A

Congenital syphilis

56
Q

Stages of Syphilis

A

Primary, Secondary, latent, tertiary

57
Q

Treatments for Syphilis

A

Penicillin is higly effective for primary and secondary stages

58
Q

Human experiments for syphilis

A

Tuskegee Experiment (1932-1972)

59
Q

Tuberculoid Hansen’s disease is caused by the pathogen ______

A

Mycobacterium leprae

60
Q

How is the syphilis spirochete initially transmitted?

A

Through tiny breaks in the skin epithelial layer

61
Q

Rickettsial Disease are

A

small bacteria that have strict intracellular existence in vertebrates

62
Q

Rickettsia’s are associated with

A

Blood sucking arthropods

63
Q

Rickettsia’s have not been

A

cultured in artificial culture media

64
Q

Rickettsia’s growth normally takes place in

A

Animals, in the phagocytes such as macrophages

65
Q

Rocky Mount Spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettisii - ticks

66
Q

Epidemic typhus, Typhus fever

A

Rickettsia prowazekii- lice

67
Q

Endemic Typhus

A

Rickettsia Typhi - Fleas

68
Q

Lyme disease affects

A

humans and other animals

69
Q

Where was lyme disease found

A

Old Lyme Connecticut

70
Q

Lyme Disease is

A

Most prevalent arthropod borne disease in the United States

71
Q

Lyme disease is spread by

A

The deer tick

72
Q

Symptoms of lyme disease

A

Headache, Backache, Chills , and Fatigue

73
Q

In 75% cases of lyme disease

A

A large rash occurs at the site of the tick bite

74
Q

Lyme disease causative agent

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete)

75
Q

Lyme disease contains

A

a linear chromosome (as opposed to a circular) (RARE)

76
Q

Initial stages of lyme disease

A

can be treated with antibiotics

77
Q

Lyme disease chronic stage

A

develops in weeks to moths

78
Q

Some patients with lyme disease develop

A

arthritis

79
Q

Other patients with lyme disease develop

A

neurological damage or heart damage

80
Q

Lyme disease has no

A

toxins or virulence factors have been identified but the pathogen triggers a strong immune response

81
Q

Plague

A

Disease of domestic and wild rodents

Humans are accidental hosts

82
Q

Plague has caused

A

more deaths in humans than any other bacterial disease

83
Q

Plague causative agent

A

Yersinia pestis

84
Q

Yersinia pestis is

A

a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium

85
Q

Two main forms of plague infection

A

Bubonic and pneumonic

86
Q

Plague can be treated if

A

Rapidly diagnosed

87
Q

Plague is treated with

A

Gentamycin or Streptomycin

88
Q

If plagues are treated promptly

A

mortality reduced to less than 5%

89
Q

Anthrax Causative agent

A

Bacillus anthracis

90
Q

Bacillus anthracis identified by

A

Robert Koch

91
Q

What disseminate B. anthracis

A

Endospores

92
Q

B. anthracis natural reservoir is

A

Soils commonly associated with farm animals

93
Q

Treatment for Anthrax

A

Antibiotics if done early
Vaccine for high risk individuals

94
Q

Anthrax

A

Use as a potential bioterrorism or biological warfare agent

95
Q

Which of the following causes Rocky mountain fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsi

96
Q

Waterborne Bacterial Diseases definition

A

Water that looks perfectly transparent may still be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms.

97
Q

Waterborner and Foodborne disease are tested for

A

Indicator organisms

98
Q

Presence of indicator organism

A

signals potential for disease

99
Q

a key fecal coliform

A

Escherichia coli

100
Q

Fecal coliforms are used in

A

water safety testing

101
Q

an indicator organism

A

Coliforms

102
Q

In the United States, water quality is reported to the EPA monthly as described by the

A

Safe drinking water act

103
Q

Cholera

A

Severe gastrointestinal diarrheal disease

104
Q

Cholera causative agent

A

Vibrio cholerae

105
Q

Cholera is transmitted through

A

ingestion of contaminated water

106
Q

Cholera is largely restricted to

A

developing countries

107
Q

Cholera can be controlled by

A

application of water treatment

108
Q

Vibrio cholerae attaches to

A

epithelial cells in the small intestine, where it grows and releases cholera toxin

109
Q

The enterotoxin of cholera causes

A

fluid losses of up to 20 liters per person per day severe dehydration

110
Q

Mortality rate of untreated Cholers

A

25–50%
Treatment reduces it to 1%

111
Q

Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) Causative agent

A

Salmonella enterica (Serotype: typhi)

112
Q

Salmonella enterica (Serotype: typhi)

A

the most important waterborne pathogenic bacteria

113
Q

Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever) is transmitted by

A

Feces contaminated water

114
Q

Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever) is transmitted by is common in what countries

A

Africa and southeast Asia

115
Q

Progress of Typhoid fever ( Enteric fever)

A

ingested cells reach the small intestine  grow  enter the lymphatic system and bloodstream  travel to many different organs

116
Q

Food poisoning

A

ingestion of foods containing preformed microbial toxins

117
Q

Microorganisms of food poising

A

Does not have to grow in the host

118
Q

Food infection

A

Microbial infection resulting from the ingestion of pathogen-contaminated food followed by growth of pathogen in the host

119
Q

Microbial sampling for foodborne disease

A

Eight microorganisms account for the great majority of foodborne illness

120
Q

Whooping cough is frequently observed in

A

School age children

121
Q

Salmonella is unlikely to be found in

A

Ticks

122
Q

The Tuskegee study was performed on patients who were infected with

A

Treponema pallidum

123
Q

Salmonellosis is caused by

A

eating food contaminated or handling Salmonella-infected animals

124
Q

Onset of salmonellosis occurs

A

12-72 hours after ingestion
Disease normally resolves in 2-5 days

125
Q

Salmonella ingested in food or water

A

invades phagocytes and grows as an intracellular pathogen

126
Q

Listeriosis

A

A gastrointestinal food infection that may lead to bacteremia (bacteria in the blood) and meningitis

127
Q

Listeriosis causative agent

A

Listeria monocytogenes

128
Q

Listeria monocytogenes is a

A

intracellular pathogen

Microbiology 2110 (4 decks)

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