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Microbiology 2110 > Animal Viruses and their diseases > Flashcards

Animal Viruses and their diseases Flashcards

1
Q

______ should be used against viruses

A

Antivirals

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2
Q

Antibiotics are designed for

A

bacterial infections, not effective for viruses

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3
Q

All antiviral drugs target

A

one step in the viral life

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4
Q

It is easier to create vaccines to prevent

A

viral disease

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5
Q

Rhinovirus “of the nose”

A

Most common in humans

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6
Q

Rhinovirus predominant cause of

A

the common cold

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7
Q

Transmission of rhinovirus

A

Respiratory droplets
fomites

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8
Q

Symptoms of rhinovirus

A

Sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, cough,

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9
Q

Most affected by rhinovirus

A

Infants, elderly, immunocompromised

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10
Q

Rhinovirus vaccine

A

None

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11
Q

Human papillomavirus - HPV

A

Small DNA, non enveloped, icosahedral capsid

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12
Q

HPV Types

A

170

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13
Q

HPV infects

A

skin and mucous membranes (warts)

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14
Q

HPV is

A

the most common STI in the U.S

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15
Q

HPV goes away within

A

2 years no minimal health problems

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16
Q

If HPV doesnt go away in two years

A

Health issues such as genital warts and cancer may appear

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17
Q

HPV is not killed by

A

common hand santizer and disinfectants

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18
Q

Vaccinations for HPV

A

Gardasil- 9 (9vHPV) it prevents against 9 types

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19
Q

Nearly all cervical cancer is due to

A

HPV 2 strands (HPV 16 and 18) account for 70% of cases

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20
Q

HPV16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive

A

oropharyngeal cancers

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21
Q

Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox and Shingles)- Chickenpox

A

Itchy,blister like rash appears first on the chest , back and face then spreads over the entire body

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22
Q

Chicken pox is

A

Highly contagious up to 90% of close contacts (non- immune) will become infected

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23
Q

Shingles

A

Painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body

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24
Q

Shingles blister typically scab over

A

in 7 to 10 days (fully clear in 2-4 weeks)

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25
10-18% of people will experience
postherpetic neuralgia
26
Transmissions of shingles
After a person has chickenpox the virus stays inactive on the body and the virus can reactivate later causing shingles
27
Transmissions of shingles is
Once in a lifetime low risk if the rash is covered No spreading before blisters appear or after rash crusts
28
Chickenpox spreads VzV easier than
Shingles
29
Vaccines for chickenpox and shingles
two doses , recommended for 50 year olds and antivirals
30
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
A disabling and life threatening disease
31
Poliomyelitis (Polio) is caused by
poliovirus
32
Symptoms of polio
Visible symptoms 1/4 will have flu like symptoms (usually lasts 2-5 days)
33
Small portion will develop severe symptoms with polio such as
Meningitis or paralysis
34
Most severe symptom of Polio
Paralysis
35
Paralysis in Polio
2-10% will die, virus affects the muscles that help them breathe
36
Transmission of polio
Lives in the throat and intestines Person to Person (fecal or respiratory droplets)
37
Polio vaccination
Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) injected with polio but altered to not cause damage Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)
38
IPV has been used in the U.S since
the 2000
39
Polio has no
cure
40
Variola virus (smallpox)
Distinctive fever & progressive skin rash Only in humans
41
Smallpox is contagious once
first sores appeared in mouth or throat
42
tell me one country where wild polio still exists
Afghanistan and pakistan
43
Smallpox is spread by
Respiratory droplets Scabs and fluids of patient sores Fomites Rarely airborne
44
Smallpox mortality rate
30%
45
Survivors of smallpox have
permanent scars
46
Smallpox vaccinations
is successful. last seen case was in 1949
47
World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated in
1980
48
Rabies lyssavirus (Rabies)
Infects central nervous system
49
Death rate of rabies
99%
50
Symptoms of rabies
Similar to the flu cerebral dysfunction, anxiety,confusion, and agitation
51
People with rabies may experience
delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and insomnia
52
Transmission of rabies
Direct contact
53
This viral disease causes a severe long-term physical disability such as paralysis
Polio
54
This virus can become latent in the body and reactive as an acute infection later in life
Varicella zoster virus
55
Influenza (Flu)
Contagious respiratory illness
56
The flu infects the
nose, throat, and lungs
57
Two main types of the flu
A &B responsible for seasonal flu epidemics
58
Symptoms of the flu
Cough, Sore throat, congested nose, muscle aches, headaches, fatigue
59
People at risk for the flu
young, elderly,immunocompromised, certain health conditions
60
Complications from the flu
pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infection, complications of past medical conditions will worsen such as asthma, diabetes, congestive heart failure
61
most contagious with the flu in the
first 3-4 days
62
Flu vaccine
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) Neuraminidase inhibitor , it helps the flu replicate most effective if you have had symptoms for 48 hours
63
Vaccination for the flu
yearly the body makes antibodies in 2 weeks United states vaccines are quadrivalent = protective against 4 different strands of the flu
64
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River (Democratic Republic of Congo)
65
Ebola is believed to be
animal borne ( bats and nonhuman primates)
66
Ebola affects
Humans and nonhuman primates
67
Ebola is a
Hemorrhagic virus
68
Multiple species of ebola...
Ebola virus (species Zaire ebolavirus)
69
Natural reservoir of ebola virus is believed to be
bats
70
Ebola is Transmitted between
humans and animals to humans through body fluids
71
Transmissions of ebola
Contaminated fomites Sexual contact with someone who is sick or recovered from EVD for a time
72
2014-2016 ebola epidemic
the largest in history effecting multiple countries in west africa
73
Survivors of ebola
Develop anitbodies for 10 years for spef stran May develop long term complications, joint and vision problems
74
Viral Persistence after recovery of ebola
Immunologically privileged sites may retain the virus -> testes/ interior of the eyes, placenta, and central nervous system ( cerebrospinal fluid)
75
Vaccine for ebola
rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo) made in 2019 Protective against Zaire ebolavirus

Microbiology 2110 (4 decks)

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