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Microbiology 2110 > Animal Viruses and their diseases > Flashcards

Animal Viruses and their diseases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

______ should be used against viruses

A

Antivirals

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2
Q

Antibiotics are designed for

A

bacterial infections, not effective for viruses

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3
Q

All antiviral drugs target

A

one step in the viral life

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4
Q

It is easier to create vaccines to prevent

A

viral disease

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5
Q

Rhinovirus “of the nose”

A

Most common in humans

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6
Q

Rhinovirus predominant cause of

A

the common cold

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7
Q

Transmission of rhinovirus

A

Respiratory droplets
fomites

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8
Q

Symptoms of rhinovirus

A

Sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, cough,

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9
Q

Most affected by rhinovirus

A

Infants, elderly, immunocompromised

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10
Q

Rhinovirus vaccine

A

None

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11
Q

Human papillomavirus - HPV

A

Small DNA, non enveloped, icosahedral capsid

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12
Q

HPV Types

A

170

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13
Q

HPV infects

A

skin and mucous membranes (warts)

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14
Q

HPV is

A

the most common STI in the U.S

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15
Q

HPV goes away within

A

2 years no minimal health problems

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16
Q

If HPV doesnt go away in two years

A

Health issues such as genital warts and cancer may appear

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17
Q

HPV is not killed by

A

common hand santizer and disinfectants

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18
Q

Vaccinations for HPV

A

Gardasil- 9 (9vHPV) it prevents against 9 types

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19
Q

Nearly all cervical cancer is due to

A

HPV 2 strands (HPV 16 and 18) account for 70% of cases

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20
Q

HPV16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive

A

oropharyngeal cancers

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21
Q

Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox and Shingles)- Chickenpox

A

Itchy,blister like rash appears first on the chest , back and face then spreads over the entire body

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22
Q

Chicken pox is

A

Highly contagious up to 90% of close contacts (non- immune) will become infected

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23
Q

Shingles

A

Painful rash that develops on one side of the face or body

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24
Q

Shingles blister typically scab over

A

in 7 to 10 days (fully clear in 2-4 weeks)

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25
Q

10-18% of people will experience

A

postherpetic neuralgia

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26
Q

Transmissions of shingles

A

After a person has chickenpox the virus stays inactive on the body and the virus can reactivate later causing shingles

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27
Q

Transmissions of shingles is

A

Once in a lifetime
low risk if the rash is covered
No spreading before blisters appear or after rash crusts

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28
Q

Chickenpox spreads VzV easier than

A

Shingles

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29
Q

Vaccines for chickenpox and shingles

A

two doses , recommended for 50 year olds and antivirals

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30
Q

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

A

A disabling and life threatening disease

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31
Q

Poliomyelitis (Polio) is caused by

A

poliovirus

32
Q

Symptoms of polio

A

Visible symptoms
1/4 will have flu like symptoms (usually lasts 2-5 days)

33
Q

Small portion will develop severe symptoms with polio such as

A

Meningitis or paralysis

34
Q

Most severe symptom of Polio

A

Paralysis

35
Q

Paralysis in Polio

A

2-10% will die, virus affects the muscles that help them breathe

36
Q

Transmission of polio

A

Lives in the throat and intestines
Person to Person (fecal or respiratory droplets)

37
Q

Polio vaccination

A

Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) injected with polio but altered to not cause damage
Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)

38
Q

IPV has been used in the U.S since

A

the 2000

39
Q

Polio has no

A

cure

40
Q

Variola virus (smallpox)

A

Distinctive fever & progressive skin rash
Only in humans

41
Q

Smallpox is contagious once

A

first sores appeared in mouth or throat

42
Q

tell me one country where wild polio still exists

A

Afghanistan and pakistan

43
Q

Smallpox is spread by

A

Respiratory droplets
Scabs and fluids of patient sores
Fomites
Rarely airborne

44
Q

Smallpox mortality rate

A

30%

45
Q

Survivors of smallpox have

A

permanent scars

46
Q

Smallpox vaccinations

A

is successful. last seen case was in 1949

47
Q

World Health Assembly declared smallpox eradicated in

A

1980

48
Q

Rabies lyssavirus (Rabies)

A

Infects central nervous system

49
Q

Death rate of rabies

A

99%

50
Q

Symptoms of rabies

A

Similar to the flu
cerebral dysfunction, anxiety,confusion, and agitation

51
Q

People with rabies may experience

A

delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and insomnia

52
Q

Transmission of rabies

A

Direct contact

53
Q

This viral disease causes a severe long-term physical disability such as paralysis

A

Polio

54
Q

This virus can become latent in the body and reactive as an acute infection later in life

A

Varicella zoster virus

55
Q

Influenza (Flu)

A

Contagious respiratory illness

56
Q

The flu infects the

A

nose, throat, and lungs

57
Q

Two main types of the flu

A

A &B responsible for seasonal flu epidemics

58
Q

Symptoms of the flu

A

Cough, Sore throat, congested nose, muscle aches, headaches, fatigue

59
Q

People at risk for the flu

A

young, elderly,immunocompromised, certain health conditions

60
Q

Complications from the flu

A

pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infection, complications of past medical conditions will worsen such as asthma, diabetes, congestive heart failure

61
Q

most contagious with the flu in the

A

first 3-4 days

62
Q

Flu vaccine

A

Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
Neuraminidase inhibitor , it helps the flu replicate most effective if you have had symptoms for 48 hours

63
Q

Vaccination for the flu

A

yearly
the body makes antibodies in 2 weeks
United states vaccines are quadrivalent = protective against 4 different strands of the flu

64
Q

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

A

Discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River (Democratic Republic of Congo)

65
Q

Ebola is believed to be

A

animal borne ( bats and nonhuman primates)

66
Q

Ebola affects

A

Humans and nonhuman primates

67
Q

Ebola is a

A

Hemorrhagic virus

68
Q

Multiple species of ebola…

A

Ebola virus (species Zaire ebolavirus)

69
Q

Natural reservoir of ebola virus is believed to be

A

bats

70
Q

Ebola is Transmitted between

A

humans and animals to humans through body fluids

71
Q

Transmissions of ebola

A

Contaminated fomites
Sexual contact with someone who is sick or recovered from EVD for a time

72
Q

2014-2016 ebola epidemic

A

the largest in history effecting multiple countries in west africa

73
Q

Survivors of ebola

A

Develop anitbodies for 10 years for spef stran
May develop long term complications, joint and vision problems

74
Q

Viral Persistence after recovery of ebola

A

Immunologically privileged sites may retain the virus -> testes/ interior of the eyes, placenta, and central nervous system ( cerebrospinal fluid)

75
Q

Vaccine for ebola

A

rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo) made in 2019
Protective against Zaire ebolavirus

Microbiology 2110 (4 decks)

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