microbiology

Question 1

Gram + bacteria

Answer 1

Cocci = staph., strep., enterococci
Bacilli/rods= clostridium, listeria

Question 2

Gram – bacteria

Answer 2

Bacilli/rods= e.coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, salmonella, shigella

Question 3

atybical bacteria

Answer 3

chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae,

Question 4

most common cause of UTI (gram +)

Answer 4

ENTEROCOCCUS

Question 5

acute simple cystitis

Answer 5

*confined to the bladder
*no upper tract signs or symptoms
*

Question 6

acute complicated UTI

Answer 6

*accompanied with signs and symptoms
*extension of infection beyond the bladder
*fever>37.7
*chills,fatigue
*flank pain
*costovertebral angle tenderness
*pelvic or perianal pain in men

Question 7

most common cause of uncomplicated UTI

Answer 7

e.choli 75-95%

Question 8

most common organism causes complicated UTI

Answer 8

Klebsiella,proteus

Question 9

uncomplicated cystitis tx:

Answer 9

*nitrofurantoin for 5 days (avoid in pyelonephritis and creatinine clearance <60)

*TMP/SMX for 3 days
(avoid if local resistance rate >20%)

*fosfomycin single dose

*fluoroquinolones last option

• urine culture if initial treatment failed

Question 10

complicated cystitis/pyelonephritis tx:

Answer 10

*fluroquinolones 5-14 days (PO/IV)

*broad spectrum antibiotics in severe cases (ampicillin/gentamycin)

*urine culture prior start of treatment

Question 11

pyelonephritis tx:,outpatient

Answer 11

fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin)

urine culture prior to therapy

Question 12

pyelonephritis tx: inpatient

Answer 12

intravenous antibiotics (fluroquinolones,aminoglycosides +/- ampicillin)