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bio component 1 > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what shape are bacillus bacteria?

A

rod shaped

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2
Q

what shape are coccus bacteria?

A

spherical

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3
Q

what shape are spirillum bacteria?

A

spiral

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4
Q

what is the structure of bacteria?

A

circular DNA and plasmids
70s ribosomes
peptidoglycan cell wall
flagellum
pilus
capsule

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5
Q

how are prokaryotes different to eukaryotes?

A

no membrane bound nucleus or organelles
70s ribosomes
peptidoglycan cell wall

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6
Q

what does the cell wall do?

A

prevents osmotic lysis
rigidity
cell structure

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7
Q

what is the structure of gram positive bacteria?

A

thick layer of peptidoglycan that holds dye

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8
Q

what colour does gram positive bacteria stain?

A

purple
crystal violet dye is not washed out by ethanol

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9
Q

what drug is effective against gram positive bacteria?

A

penicillin

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10
Q

what is the structure of gram negative bacteria?

A

thin layer of peptidoglycan
outer layer of lipopolysaccharide
doesn’t hold dye

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11
Q

what colour does gram negative bacteria stain?

A

pink
crystal violet dye is washed out by ethanol

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12
Q

what are the metabolic requirements for microbes?

A

suitable temperature and pH
oxygen requirements
carbon, nitrogen and inorganic ions

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13
Q

what is the optimum temperature for pathogens to grow at?

A

37 degrees

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14
Q

what is optimum temperature for saprotrophs?

A

lower than 37 degrees

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15
Q

what is optimum temperature for psychrophiles?

A

down to -15 degrees

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16
Q

what is optimum temperature for thermophiles?

A

up to 80 degrees

17
Q

what are usual incubation conditions?

A

25 degrees
24-48 hours
aerobic conditions

18
Q

what are obligate aerobes?

A

bacteria which require oxygen

19
Q

what are obligate anaerobes?

A

can only grow in absence of oxygen

20
Q

what are facultative anaerobes?

A

able to survive in absence of oxygen but grow and divide faster in presence of oxygen

21
Q

what does aseptic technique do?

A

prevents contamination of environment by microbes being handled
prevents contamination of microbial cultures by unwanted microbes from environment

22
Q

what are examples of aseptic technique?

A

autoglave glassware
flaming loops, wires and glass spreaders
open petri dish at small angle
roaring blue flame to create convection current
flame neck of bottle

23
Q

what are streak plates used for?

A

use to separate mixed cultures into pure ones

24
Q

what are the problems with counting bacteria and solutions?

A

small - use microscope
lots of them - dilute sample
alive or dead? - allow them to grow into colonies

25
Q

what does total cell count include?

A

living and dead cells

26
Q

what does viable cell count include?

A

only living cells

27
Q

what are disadvantages of doing serial dilution to count bacteria?

A

possible to underestimate population due to clumping
takes a long time to count

27
Q

what are advantages of doing serial dilution to count bacteria?

A

counts living cells

bio component 1 (6 decks)

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