importance of ATP

Question 1

what is chemiosmosis?

Answer 1

the flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase
coupled with synthesis of ATP and a phosphate ion

Question 2

how is electrochemical gradient built?

Answer 2

electrons flow along the electron transport chain
energy is released and used to pump H+ ions across inter membrane space
builds up a proton gradient

Question 3

what is the generation of ATP called in the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

glycolysis

Question 4

what is the generation of ATP called in mitochondrion?

Answer 4

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

what is the generation of ATP called in chloroplasts?

Answer 5

photophosphorylation

Question 6

what happens in chemiosmosis?

Answer 6

proton pump uses energy to pump protons against concentration gradient
protons are trapped between two phospholipid bilayers
creates a proton gradient
protons diffuse back across membrane through stalked particles (ATP synthase)
this releases energy which is used to combine ADP + Pi to make ATP

Question 7

what are the structures in mitochondria?

Answer 7

matrix
outer and inner membrane
cristae
inter membrane space

Question 8

what are the structures in chloroplasts?

Answer 8

outer and inner membrane
geranium
thylakoid
stroma

Question 9

what happens in chloroplasts during chemiosmosis?

Answer 9

proton pumps in thylakoid membrane uses energy from electrons to pump H+ ions across membrane (against gradient)
protons accumulate in thylakoid space
protons diffuse down proton gradient back into stroma through stalked particles
energy released is used to combine ADP and Pi

Question 10

what happens in mitochondria during chemiosmosis?

Answer 10

proton pumps in inner membrane uses energy from electrons to pump H+ ions across membrane (against gradient)
protons accumulate in inter membranous space
protons diffuse down proton gradient back into matrix through stalked particles
energy released is used to combine ADP and Pi

Question 11

what are the differences between chemiosmosis in chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 11

mitochondria have 3 pumps, chloroplasts have 1
high energy electrons are produced from break down of glucose in respiration in mitochondrion
high energy electrons are produced when light energy excites chlorophyll in chloroplasts

Question 12

what are the similarities between chemiosmosis in chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Answer 12

both have proton pumps in membrane
both produce proton gradients across membrane
in both protons diffuse down proton gradient through ATP synthase
in both ATP is produced