Microbiology Flashcards
Which common infections have an incubation period less than two weeks?
Malaria (although can present up to a year later), dengue fever, typhoid, measles
Which common infections have an incubation period less than one week?
Meningococcus, Diphtheria, influenza, coronavirus, scarlet fever
Which common infections have an incubation period >3 weeks?
Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), viral hepatitis, HIV
Which common infections have an incubation period 2-3 weeks?
mumps, rubella, chickenpox
What is a complication of mycoplasma pneumonia?
Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Treatment for primary or secondary syphillis?
Single dose on intramuscular penicillin V
Which is the only antibiotic effective against ESBL producing bacteria?
Carbapenins
What type of bacteria is E.coli?
Gram negative rod/baccilus
Vancomycin is active only against which type of bacteria?
Gram positive only
Gentamicin is active only against which type of bacteria?
Gram negative only
Quinolone antibiotics end in what?
-ofloxacin eg ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
MRSA bloodstream infection choice of antibiotic?
Vancomycin
What are examples of gram positive cocci in clusters?
Staphylococcus eg s.aureus
Staph epidermis
What are examples of gram positive diplococci and what diseases do they cause?
Strep pneumoniae
-Pneuomonia, menigitis, otitis media
Enterococci eg enterococcus faecium, faecalis
-Can cause UTIs, intra-abdo infection
What are examples of gram positive diplococci in chains and what diseases do they cause?
Strep pyogenes (group A strep)
-tonsilitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, cellulitis
What are examples of gram positive bacilli and what diseases do they cause?
Clostridium perfringens
-cholecystitis, gastroenteritis
C.diff
Listeria
What are examples of gram negative diplococci and what diseases do they cause?
N.meningitidis
-meningitis
What are examples of gram negative coccobacilli and what diseases do they cause?
Haemophillis influenzae
-pneumonia, meningitis
Bortadella pertussi- whooping cough
What are examples of gram negative bacilli and what diseases do they cause?
What antibiotic is 1st line?
E.coli, proteus, klebsiella
-UTIs, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, intraabdo infection
Metronidazole
Presentation of salmonella typhi?
Fever, abdo pain, constipation or diarrhoea
Shigella: type of bacteria and presentation?
Gram negative rod causes fever, abdo cramps and bloody diarrhoea
What is prophylactic antibiotic tx for meningitis?
Ciprofloxacin
What is the best diagnostic test for legionella?
Urinary antigen test
Abx tx for salmonella
Ciprofloxacin
Incubation period of campylobacter?
2-5 days
Incubation period for bacillus cerues?
Emetic: 30mins to 6 hours
Diarrhoea: 8-16 hours
Incubation period for shigella?
1-3 days
Incubation period for salmonella?
Several hours to 2 days
Treatment for listeria?
Ampicillin and Gent
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?
E.coli
Mx for campylobacter?
Clarithromycin
How is Hep E acquired?
Faecal oral spread- commonly affecting shellfish and pork products
What is Kernig’s sign?
Extension of knee from flexed position is painful
What is brudinski’s sign?
Passive flexion of neck elicits hip and knee flexion
Most common cause of meningitis is over 65?
Strep pneumoniae
Most common cause of meningitis in neonates?
Listeria, group B strep
Antibiotics for meningitis
a) 1st line
b) pen allergic
c) listeria
d) travel
a) IV ceftriaxone + dexamethasone
b) IV chloramphenicol and vanc
c) IV amox
d) IV vanc
Pathogen in chlamydia?
Gram -ve intracellular anaerobe
Investigations for syphilis?
1) Treponemal IgG and IgM
2) Dark field microscopy
Abx for severe CAP
co-amox + doxy
Abx for severe HAP
Amox+gent
What is the best diagnostic investigation for bacterial vaginosis?
Gram stain- can show clue cells
