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Year 3 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which common infections have an incubation period less than two weeks?

A

Malaria (although can present up to a year later), dengue fever, typhoid, measles

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2
Q

Which common infections have an incubation period less than one week?

A

Meningococcus, Diphtheria, influenza, coronavirus, scarlet fever

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3
Q

Which common infections have an incubation period >3 weeks?

A

Infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), viral hepatitis, HIV

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4
Q

Which common infections have an incubation period 2-3 weeks?

A

mumps, rubella, chickenpox

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5
Q

What is a complication of mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

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6
Q

Treatment for primary or secondary syphillis?

A

Single dose on intramuscular penicillin V

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7
Q

Which is the only antibiotic effective against ESBL producing bacteria?

A

Carbapenins

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is E.coli?

A

Gram negative rod/baccilus

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9
Q

Vancomycin is active only against which type of bacteria?

A

Gram positive only

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10
Q

Gentamicin is active only against which type of bacteria?

A

Gram negative only

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11
Q

Quinolone antibiotics end in what?

A

-ofloxacin eg ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

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12
Q

MRSA bloodstream infection choice of antibiotic?

A

Vancomycin

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13
Q

What are examples of gram positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphylococcus eg s.aureus
Staph epidermis

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14
Q

What are examples of gram positive diplococci and what diseases do they cause?

A

Strep pneumoniae
-Pneuomonia, menigitis, otitis media

Enterococci eg enterococcus faecium, faecalis
-Can cause UTIs, intra-abdo infection

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15
Q

What are examples of gram positive diplococci in chains and what diseases do they cause?

A

Strep pyogenes (group A strep)
-tonsilitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, cellulitis

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16
Q

What are examples of gram positive bacilli and what diseases do they cause?

A

Clostridium perfringens
-cholecystitis, gastroenteritis

C.diff
Listeria

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17
Q

What are examples of gram negative diplococci and what diseases do they cause?

A

N.meningitidis
-meningitis

18
Q

What are examples of gram negative coccobacilli and what diseases do they cause?

A

Haemophillis influenzae
-pneumonia, meningitis

Bortadella pertussi- whooping cough

19
Q

What are examples of gram negative bacilli and what diseases do they cause?

What antibiotic is 1st line?

A

E.coli, proteus, klebsiella
-UTIs, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, intraabdo infection

Metronidazole

20
Q

Presentation of salmonella typhi?

A

Fever, abdo pain, constipation or diarrhoea

21
Q

Shigella: type of bacteria and presentation?

A

Gram negative rod causes fever, abdo cramps and bloody diarrhoea

22
Q

What is prophylactic antibiotic tx for meningitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin

23
Q

What is the best diagnostic test for legionella?

A

Urinary antigen test

24
Q

Abx tx for salmonella

A

Ciprofloxacin

25
Q

Incubation period of campylobacter?

A

2-5 days

26
Q

Incubation period for bacillus cerues?

A

Emetic: 30mins to 6 hours
Diarrhoea: 8-16 hours

27
Q

Incubation period for shigella?

A

1-3 days

28
Q

Incubation period for salmonella?

A

Several hours to 2 days

29
Q

Treatment for listeria?

A

Ampicillin and Gent

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

30
Q

Most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

A

E.coli

31
Q

Mx for campylobacter?

A

Clarithromycin

32
Q

How is Hep E acquired?

A

Faecal oral spread- commonly affecting shellfish and pork products

33
Q

What is Kernig’s sign?

A

Extension of knee from flexed position is painful

34
Q

What is brudinski’s sign?

A

Passive flexion of neck elicits hip and knee flexion

35
Q

Most common cause of meningitis is over 65?

A

Strep pneumoniae

36
Q

Most common cause of meningitis in neonates?

A

Listeria, group B strep

37
Q

Antibiotics for meningitis
a) 1st line
b) pen allergic
c) listeria
d) travel

A

a) IV ceftriaxone + dexamethasone
b) IV chloramphenicol and vanc
c) IV amox
d) IV vanc

38
Q

Pathogen in chlamydia?

A

Gram -ve intracellular anaerobe

39
Q

Investigations for syphilis?

A

1) Treponemal IgG and IgM
2) Dark field microscopy

40
Q

Abx for severe CAP

A

co-amox + doxy

41
Q

Abx for severe HAP

A

Amox+gent

42
Q

What is the best diagnostic investigation for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gram stain- can show clue cells

Year 3 (12 decks)

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