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Biochem > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

stores waste and water

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2
Q

What is an endospore?

A

dorminant tough structure produced by Bacilius and Closridium species

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3
Q

What is catabolism

A

The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, t

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4
Q

What is anabolism

A

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy

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5
Q

What is the fubction of smooth ER

A

synthesiszes lipids

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6
Q

What is the fubction of rough ER

A

protein synthesis

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7
Q

what is the mitcohondria?

A

cite of ATP synthesis in eukaryotes

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8
Q

What is unique about mitochondria

A

Mitochondria has its own ribsomes and circular DNA

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9
Q

What is function of Chloroplast

A

Photosynthesis occurs here

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

stores the cell’s hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell’s activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).

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11
Q

What is oxiation?

A

loss of an electron

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12
Q

What is reuction

A

gain of electrons

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13
Q

redox reaction

A

an oxidation reaction paired with reduction reaction

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14
Q

What does fermention use as final electron acceptor

A

organic molecules(pyruvate

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15
Q

What is diffrential media

A

A differential media contains specific ingredients or chemicals that allow the observer to visually distinguish which species possess and which species lack a specific biochemical process.

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16
Q

What is selective media

A

A selective medium is a medium that allows the selection of one or more types of microorganisms. These microorganisms will be the only ones able to grow on or in the medium while all the others will be inhibited.

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17
Q

Which of the following are required for the generation of ATP by chemiosmosis?

A

Passage of electrons through electron carrier chains
Formation of a proton motive force

Active transport of protons across a phospholipid membrane
use of proton flow by ATP synthase

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18
Q

In an enzymatic reaction involving oxidation of a substrate, which of the following would be required?

A

NAD+

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19
Q

Enzymes are important in living organisms because they

A

bring together reactants or properly orient a molecule for a reaction

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20
Q

The term describing bacteria with flagella that are arranged as a tuft coming from one pole is

A

lophotrichous

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21
Q

Which of the following statements about a gram-negative cell wall are correct?

A

Functions as endotoxin, thin layer of peptidoglycan, maintains shape of cell

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22
Q

funtion of fibrilae

A

Fimbriae help cells adhere to surfaces and are involved in the formation of biofilms.

23
Q

function of Pilli

A

commonly involved in DNA transfer and twitching or gliding motility.

24
Q

what is a thermophile

A

bacteria are those that thrive within high temperatures, usually between 45 and 80 C (113 and 176F) and are found in environments such as hot springs,

25
Q

What is a facultative anaerobe?

A

an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.

26
Q

what is an obligate aerobe

A

An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow.

27
Q

what are obligate anarobes?

A

microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen

28
Q

what is enriched media

A

Contains nutrients required to support the growth of a wide variety of organisms.

29
Q

What is a pstchrophile?

A

organisms that grow in 0-15 degrees Celcius

30
Q

what is a halophile

A

an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations.

31
Q

what is a hyperthermophile??

A

found in 70-110 degrees Celcius

32
Q

What do haliophils require

A

high osmotic pressure

33
Q

microacerophile

A

require an oxygen concentration lower than air

34
Q

What is gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall, which itself is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide

35
Q

competitive inhibition

A

molecules other than the substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme,

36
Q

non completive inhibitor

A

molecules bind to any site other than the active site.

37
Q

axial filagements

A

found only in one type of bacteria called the spirochetes;

38
Q

flagella

A

Flagella are long, thread-like structures that can only be found at one end of a cell.

39
Q

cilia

A

Cilia are only found in eukaryotic cells.Cilia are short, hair-like structures that cover the surface of some cells in large numbers.

40
Q

What are the end products of glycolysis

A

two pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules,2 NADPH and 2 ATP

41
Q

What are the end products of citric acid acid

A

carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH2, and ATP

42
Q

What does cirtic acid cycle start with ?

A

acetyl co A

43
Q

what is sporulation?

A

Endospores are produced by a process of cell differentiation called sporulation

44
Q

what is germination?

A

endospores become vegetative

44
Q

substrate level phosphorylation

A

is when a phosphoryl group is transferred from a substrate to ADP or GDP to form ATP or GTP, coupled with the release of free energy. This type of phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

45
Q

what is photophosphorylation

A

the process of utilizing light energy from photosynthesis to convert ADP to ATP. It is the process of synthesizing energy-rich ATP molecules by transferring the phosphate group into ADP molecule in the presence of light

46
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

electron transport chain

47
Q

what are the products for cellular respiration?

A

Products for cellular respiration are H2O, ATP, and CO2.

48
Q

anaerobic respiration occurs where?

A

cytoplasm

49
Q

What is catalase?

A

Used to break down hydrogen peroxide in to water and oxygen

50
Q

peroxidase?

A

breaks down hydrogen peroxide produces water only

51
Q

methods of direct cell count

A

microscope or plate count, serial dillution, MPN

52
Q

indirect

A

turbidity, dry weight

53
Q
A

Biochem (9 decks)

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