Micro Final Flashcards
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
This cell is an effector cell that has the ability to kill and recognize target cells that are non self
memory cells
This cell is responsible for enhanced secondary response to an antigen. Produced after clonal selection and differentiation of B cells
B cells
become activated when immunoglobulins bind to specific epitope may require helper cells
TH cell
helping activated by TCR binding to an antigen and costimulating cytokine
antibodies
proteins that form long complex chains with antigens. tag cells for destruction during phagocytosis
TH 17 cells
responsible for assisting with extracellular bacterial infections
TH2 cells
known to have a significant role in humoral immunity and defense against helminth infections.
TH1 cells
mediator of immunity for intracellular pathogens and tumors
This type of immunity is acquired via injection of antibodies from an individual or host that has immunological memory to the specific pathogen or antigen.
artificially acquired passive immunity
This type of immunity is acquired when a person is vaccinated for a specific type of infection via the introduction of antigens. These antigens normally have undergone some type of modification and may not confer the same type of long-lasting memory that would occur with unmodified antigens.
Artificially acquired active immunity
What are CD4+T cells ?
helper cells that bind to the MH2 class molecules on B cells and antigen presenting cells
What are CD8+ cells?
Cytotoxic t cells that bind to MHC class 1 molecules differentiating to effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is
igG
TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate
B cells
When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells
after proliferation in to a clonal population
natural killer cells are activated by
TH1 cells
Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell?
TCR
Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell?
MHC protein
The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are
igD
What molecule triggers apoptosis
granzyme
The antibodies that bind to parasites are ?
igE
What do plasma cells do ?
produce antibodies
humoral immunity
immune response brought on by antibody production
The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?
igM
The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are
igA
phagocyte
a cell that is capable of performing phagocytosis
phagocytosis
the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes
gram negative bacteria contain?
LPS, thin peptitoglycan, outer lipid membrane present
gram poditive bacteria
Technoic acid thickk peptidoglycan no lipid membrane
What is the function topoisomerase and gyrase?
relax the strands
helicase
separates the strands
What are okaski fragments joined by
DNA ligase
DNA Polymerase function ?
removes RNA primers
What causes scarlet fever
strep A
What is the envelope
lipid bilayer surrounds the nucleocapsid of some animal viruses
helical virus
rigid or flexible one big long rod
polyhedral virus
has many sides
enveloped virus shape ?
spherical
inserted DNA in lysogenic cycle is ?
prophage
