Microbiology Flashcards
What is the most common cause of oral ulceration?
Viral infection
Which forms of herpes is associated with the oral mucosa?
HSV1
Which form of herpes is associated with the genital mucosa?
HSV2
How does primary HSV1 infection present?
Multiple painful oral ulcers.
Often affects the lips, buccal mucosa, and hard palate.
Severe cases may present with gingivostomatitis.
Can aciclovir eradicate HSV infection?
No, only used in reactivations, will reduce frequency at which these occur.
What is herpetic whitlow?
Infection of the finger with herpes.
Do not pop this!
How is herpes diagnosed?
Swab and PCR.
Only needed in those with recurrent lesions.
If patients presents within 72 hours of gingivostomatitis onset, how should they be managed?
Antiretrovirals
What do herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease have in common?
Coxsackie virus causes both.
How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?
Maculopapular/Vesicular rash of hands and feet.
Oral enanthem (rash).
How long should an aphthous ulcer take to heal?
Less than 3 weeks.
Which systemic diseases may produce apthous ulcers?
Bechet’s disease
IBD
Coeliac disease
Reactive arhritis
What are possible complications of pharyngitis/tonsilltis?
Otitis media (most common)
Peritonsillar abscess
Lemierre syndrome
What are red flag symptoms of sore throat?
Stridor
Breathing difficulties
Dehydration
Systemically unwell
What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis/tonsilitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Treat with penicillin.
What is rheumatic fever?
An immune response to infection.
Occurs 3 weeks following sore throat.
Associated with streptococcus pyogenes infection.
What is the pathogen responsible for diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A gram positive organism that can be treated with penicillin.
Which causes of sore throat is associated with the presence of atypical lymphocytes?
Infectious mononucleosis
Why are glandular fever patients advised to avoid sport for 6 weeks post-infection?
Due to risk of splenic rupture.
Which infection can be tested for using Paul Bunnell test and monospot test?
EBV
Are antivirals useful in EBV?
No, manage with analgesia, bed rest and advise to avoid sport.
How does oral thrush present?
White patches on red, raw mucus membranes of the throat/mouth.
Treat with nystatin.
Are antibiotics recommended in AOM?
No, as 80% resolve in 4 days.
Only consider in very young, or if bilateral.
Which bacteria has an association with otitis externa in diabetes?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
