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Module 4 - Saliva > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what microbes in saliva have antibacterial properties?

A

cystatins
mucins

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2
Q

what microbes in saliva are anti viral?

A

cystatins
mucins

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3
Q

what microbes in saliva are for tissue coating?

A

cystatins
mucins

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4
Q

what microbes in saliva are for lubrication and viscoelasticity?

A

mucins

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5
Q

what microbes in saliva are for mineralisation?

A

cystatins

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6
Q

what microbes in saliva are for digestion?

A

mucins

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7
Q

what microbes in saliva are for buffering?

A

carbonic anhydrases
histatins

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8
Q

what percentage of the acquired pellicle do glycoproteins constitute?

A

90%

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9
Q

what makes salivary glycoproteins good for digestion and movement?

A

lower surface tension

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10
Q

what 2 forms are salivary mucins?

A

anchored to surface (by D domain)
soluble (arent attached)

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11
Q

what are features of salivary mucins?

A

adherence to soft tissues etc.
degraded to reveal binding site
degraded to provide nutrition
bind bacteria for mucociliary clearance
degraded to release antibacterial peptides

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12
Q

where would you find mucins with gel forming and membrane bound properties?

A

ocular gel on eyelids allowing movement

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13
Q

how do mucins become gel forming and membrane bound?

A

interaction between cystine cross bridges for lipid formation

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14
Q

what is MG1?

A

oligomeric mucin glycoprotein - gel forming mucin and membrane bound

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15
Q

what is MG2?

A

monomeric mucin glycoprotein - influence on oral microbiota (attached to surface)

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16
Q

what bacteria does MG1 attract?

A

S.anguinis
S.mitis
Actinomyces

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17
Q

what phase is MG1 associated with?

A

soluble phase and rapid flushing out of material

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18
Q

what bacteria does MG2 attract?

A

S.anguinis
S.gordonii
E.corrodens
S.aureus
P.aeruginosa

19
Q

what are the antibacterial effects of MG2?

A

attracts bacterial species
as its cleaved, the peptide kills and inhibits them

20
Q

what is the role of MG2 under healthy conditions?

A

control bacteria in the mouth and protect from colonisation

21
Q

what are PRPs?

A

proline rich proteins - strong promotors of bacterial adhesion

22
Q

what gives PRPs structural flexibility?

A

amino acids

23
Q

what results in PRPs having different effects?

A

different breakdown products

24
Q

what controls calcium and phosphate levels?

A

amino carboxy terminal in PRPs

25
Q

what can alter a PRPs structure?

A

pH

26
Q

What do PRP interactions depend on?

A

proline-glutamine carboxy-terminal dipeptide

27
Q

where would you find acidic PRPs (16kd)?

A

only saliva

28
Q

what is the main function of acidic PRPs (16kd)?

A

bind to hydroxyapatite to control remineralisation

29
Q

what are the properties of basic PRPs (6-9kd)?

A

protection
found in other places in the body
soft tissue (fumes in nasal)
charged interactions

30
Q

where do you find glycosylated PRPs (36kD)?

A

newly formed pellicle

31
Q

what does Statherin do?

A

controls remineralisation on tooth surface by blocking nucleation sites - stops/ controls secondary disposition of calcium phosphate

32
Q

what structures does statherin have?

A

C terminus
N terminus

33
Q

what does statherin inhibit?

A

candida species

34
Q

what produces glucans?

A

oral strep

35
Q

how may glucans be antiseptic?

A

if they are on the surface of antibodies they can protect by binding to receptors on the surface of the virus and prevent it entering a cell

36
Q

how do cystatins function?

A

interfere with cysteine proteases that are produced by bacteria or are important for entry of viral molecules into the mouth

37
Q

what are the properties of cysteine?

A

protect overall degradation of proteins
remineralise calcium and phosphate

38
Q

what is the role of histatins?

A

promote wound healing

39
Q

what do histatins have the ability to do?

A

bind to zinc

40
Q

where do you find lysozyme?

A

tear ducts

41
Q

what does muramidase do?

A

breaks down sugar side chains, leaving cross links intact

breaks down the cage around bacteria

42
Q

what properties does lactoferrin hold?

A

bacterial and antifungal

43
Q

what is lactoferrin?

A

glycoprotein

44
Q

how does lactoferrin function?

A

binds to and sequesters iron indirectly (takes molecules away for survival)

Module 4 - Saliva (7 decks)

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