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Module 4 - Saliva > Flow and Constituents > Flashcards

Flow and Constituents Flashcards

1
Q

what type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?

A

99% serous

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2
Q

what type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?

A

80% serous
20% mucous

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3
Q

what type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?

A

mucous

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4
Q

what type of saliva do minor glands produce?

A

mucous EXCEPT minor serous glands of Von Ebner

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5
Q

how much saliva do we produce a day?

A

500-1000ml/day

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6
Q

how much saliva is produced per day for major and minor glands?

A

90% major
10% minor

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7
Q

rate of saliva produced at rest?

A

0.3-0.5ml/min

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8
Q

rate of saliva produced stimulated?

A

2-4 ml/min

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9
Q

what are the ratios of saliva produced from the different glands at rest?

A

10% parotid
70% submandibular
10% sublingual
10% minor

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10
Q

what are the ratios of saliva produced from the different glands when stimulated?

A

60% parotid
30% submandibular
5% sublingual
5% minor

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11
Q

explain the masticatory salivary reflex on ipsilateral gland when chewing

A

When you chew ipsilateral to the gland the flow increases then drops but remains elevated over the peristimulus level - big increase in saliva

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12
Q

describe the masticatory salivary reflex on the contralateral gland to chewing?

A

slight increase but not as much as ipsilateral

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13
Q

what stimulates the gustatory salivary reflex?

A

citric acid

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14
Q

where does the olfactory salivary reflex exist?

A

submandibular
NOT parotid

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15
Q

what are factors that increase salivary flow?

A

presence of food in mouth
smell of food (subman)
increases up to the age of 15

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16
Q

what are factors that decrease salivary flow?

A

at night
dehydration

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17
Q

what is xerostomia?

A

lack of saliva
when unstimulated, saliva is <50% than normal

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18
Q

what problems are associated with xerostomia?

A

caries
mucosal infection (esp fungal)
difficulty swallowing, chewing, speaking
impaired taste

19
Q

how much water is in saliva?

A

99%

20
Q

what inorganic constituents/electrolytes are in saliva?

A

cations and anions

21
Q

what cations are in saliva?

A

Na
K
Ca
Mg

22
Q

what anions are in saliva?

A

chloride
bicarbonate
phosphate
thiocyanate
sulphate
fluoride
iodide
hydroxyl

23
Q

what anion is responsible for salivas buffering capacity?

A

bicarbonate
phosphate

24
Q

what is the role of bicarbonate in saliva?

A

buffering
- minimises the drop in pH after sugar/ acid consumption
- minimises demineralisation

25
Q

what is saliva supersaturated with?

A

Ca2+ and PO43-

26
Q

what are the organic components of saliva?

A

carbohydrates
blood group substances
proteins
glucose
lipids
ammonia
amino acids
urea

27
Q

what proteins are in saliva?

A

serum albumin
gamma globulins
fibronectin
mucoproteins
amylase
carbonic anhydrase
lingual lipase
lactoferrin
PRPs
statherins
histatins
cystatins

28
Q

role of salivary amylase?

A

stage 1 of carbohydrate digestion
converts polysaccharides (starch) into disaccharides (maltose)

29
Q

what saliva protein in inactive in the stomach?

A

salivary amylase

30
Q

what glands produce salivary lipase?

A

minor serous glands of von ebner

31
Q

what is the role of salivary lipase?

A

stage 1 in fat digestion

clean tastebuds by removing fat deposits

32
Q

structure of mucous glycoproteins?

A

peptide core
oligosaccharide chains

33
Q

role of mucous glycoproteins?

A

lubricate
coat all oral soft tissues
prevent drying
provide barrier
important part of pellicle

34
Q

role of statherin?

A

prevent precipitation of Ca2+ and PO43-
prevent calculus formation
present mineralisation of salivary glands

35
Q

describe the antimicrobial action of saliva?

A

non-specific (non-immunoglobulin)

36
Q

what is the role of water in saliva?

A

cleansing

37
Q

what is the role of mucins in saliva?

A

aggregate bacteria

38
Q

what is the role of amylase in saliva?

A

interferes with bacterial adherence

39
Q

what is the role of lysosome in saliva?

A

hydrolyses some bacterial cell walls

40
Q

what is the role of peroxidase/ thiocyanate?

A

poisons bacteria

41
Q

what is the role of lactoferrin in saliva?

A

deprives bacteria of iron

42
Q

what is the role of histatins in saliva?

A

antifungal and antibacterial

43
Q

what is the role of cystatins in saliva?

A

inhibit tissue damaging bacterial enzymes

Module 4 - Saliva (7 decks)

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