Flow and Constituents Flashcards
what type of saliva does the parotid gland produce?
99% serous
what type of saliva does the submandibular gland produce?
80% serous
20% mucous
what type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?
mucous
what type of saliva do minor glands produce?
mucous EXCEPT minor serous glands of Von Ebner
how much saliva do we produce a day?
500-1000ml/day
how much saliva is produced per day for major and minor glands?
90% major
10% minor
rate of saliva produced at rest?
0.3-0.5ml/min
rate of saliva produced stimulated?
2-4 ml/min
what are the ratios of saliva produced from the different glands at rest?
10% parotid
70% submandibular
10% sublingual
10% minor
what are the ratios of saliva produced from the different glands when stimulated?
60% parotid
30% submandibular
5% sublingual
5% minor
explain the masticatory salivary reflex on ipsilateral gland when chewing
When you chew ipsilateral to the gland the flow increases then drops but remains elevated over the peristimulus level - big increase in saliva
describe the masticatory salivary reflex on the contralateral gland to chewing?
slight increase but not as much as ipsilateral
what stimulates the gustatory salivary reflex?
citric acid
where does the olfactory salivary reflex exist?
submandibular
NOT parotid
what are factors that increase salivary flow?
presence of food in mouth
smell of food (subman)
increases up to the age of 15
what are factors that decrease salivary flow?
at night
dehydration
what is xerostomia?
lack of saliva
when unstimulated, saliva is <50% than normal
what problems are associated with xerostomia?
caries
mucosal infection (esp fungal)
difficulty swallowing, chewing, speaking
impaired taste
how much water is in saliva?
99%
what inorganic constituents/electrolytes are in saliva?
cations and anions
what cations are in saliva?
Na
K
Ca
Mg
what anions are in saliva?
chloride
bicarbonate
phosphate
thiocyanate
sulphate
fluoride
iodide
hydroxyl
what anion is responsible for salivas buffering capacity?
bicarbonate
phosphate
what is the role of bicarbonate in saliva?
buffering
- minimises the drop in pH after sugar/ acid consumption
- minimises demineralisation
what is saliva supersaturated with?
Ca2+ and PO43-
what are the organic components of saliva?
carbohydrates
blood group substances
proteins
glucose
lipids
ammonia
amino acids
urea
what proteins are in saliva?
serum albumin
gamma globulins
fibronectin
mucoproteins
amylase
carbonic anhydrase
lingual lipase
lactoferrin
PRPs
statherins
histatins
cystatins
role of salivary amylase?
stage 1 of carbohydrate digestion
converts polysaccharides (starch) into disaccharides (maltose)
what saliva protein in inactive in the stomach?
salivary amylase
what glands produce salivary lipase?
minor serous glands of von ebner
what is the role of salivary lipase?
stage 1 in fat digestion
clean tastebuds by removing fat deposits
structure of mucous glycoproteins?
peptide core
oligosaccharide chains
role of mucous glycoproteins?
lubricate
coat all oral soft tissues
prevent drying
provide barrier
important part of pellicle
role of statherin?
prevent precipitation of Ca2+ and PO43-
prevent calculus formation
present mineralisation of salivary glands
describe the antimicrobial action of saliva?
non-specific (non-immunoglobulin)
what is the role of water in saliva?
cleansing
what is the role of mucins in saliva?
aggregate bacteria
what is the role of amylase in saliva?
interferes with bacterial adherence
what is the role of lysosome in saliva?
hydrolyses some bacterial cell walls
what is the role of peroxidase/ thiocyanate?
poisons bacteria
what is the role of lactoferrin in saliva?
deprives bacteria of iron
what is the role of histatins in saliva?
antifungal and antibacterial
what is the role of cystatins in saliva?
inhibit tissue damaging bacterial enzymes
