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MCD personal > Microbio parasites > Flashcards

Microbio parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Parasite definition

A

An organism living on or in a host that relies the host for nutrition, often causing damage and disease to them

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2
Q

Broad classification of parasites and define

A

Endoparasites - parasites that survive inside the host

Ectoparasites - parasites that survive outside the host

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3
Q

Classification of endoparasites

A

Protozoa

Metazoa

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4
Q

Classification of protozoa (endoparasites)

A

amoeba, coccidiae, ciliate, flagellates

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5
Q

Classification of metazoa (endoparasites)

A

roundworms, flatworms, flukes

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6
Q

Define protozoa with charateristics

A

SINGLE celled eukaryote endoparasites
no eosinophilia
Can have insect vectors

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7
Q

Define metazoa with charateristics

A

MULTIcellular eukaryote endoparasites, free living with intermediate hosts
Associated eosinophilia

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8
Q

Examples of amoeba (protozoan endoparasites)

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
(Ent as invade GI by faeco-oral route + amoeba)

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9
Q

Symptoms of E. histolytica

A

ulceration of colon, liver abcesses, may spread to brain, liver, lungs

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10
Q

Exmaples of coccidiae (protozoan endoparasites)

A

Plasmodium species (P. malariae), Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Symptoms of plasmodium (malaria)

A

PAROXYSMAL (4-8hr cycle): fever, chills, headache, vomiting, muscle pain
severe anaemia, cerebral malaria (infection spreads to brain -> seizures and coma

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12
Q

Examples of toxoplasma (protozoan endoparasites)

A

Toxoplasma gondii -> toxoplasmosis

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13
Q

Symptoms of toxoplasma and those affected

A

fever, lymphadenopathy, headaches, sore throat

Immunocomromised, pregnant affects foetus transplacentally

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14
Q

Symptoms of cryptosporidium

Those affected

A

diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting

Common in HIV+

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15
Q

Examples of ciliate (protozoan endoparasite)

A

Balantidium coli

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16
Q

Symptoms of balantidium coli (-> balantidiasis)

those affected

A

no symptoms

severe dyssentry, abdo pains, weight loss etc in immmunocompromised

17
Q

Examples of flagellates (protozoan endoparasites)

A

Gardia lamblia, Trichomonas, Leishmania

18
Q

Symptoms of Gardia lamblia (-> gardiasis)

A

diarrhoea

19
Q

Symptoms of Trichomonas

+ why?

A

dysuria and smelly discharge

sexual transmission and infection of urogenitals

20
Q

Symptoms of Leishmania (-> leishmaniasis)

+why?

A

Cutaneous open sore and scarring at bite site, skin and mucosal ulcers
Sand fly is vector

21
Q

Metazoa (endoparasite) syonym

A

helminths

22
Q

Synonyms of classes of metazoa (helminths)

A 
roundworms = nematodes
flatworms = cestodes
flukes = trematodes
23
Q

Examples of roundworms (nematodes) (metazoan endoparasite)

A

ascaris
hookworm eg Ancylostoma duodenale
filaria eg lymphatic filiarisis
strongyloides

24
Q

Symptoms of ascaris

+why?

A

no symptoms
malnourishent in children

inhabits GI and poops out eggs

25
Q

Symptoms of hookworms eg Ancylostoma duodenale

+why?

A

Fe def anaemia, malnutrition, GI symtptoms, pulmonary symtpoms

Attach to GI wall and suck out blood equiv. to GI bleeding

26
Q

Symptoms of filaria eg lymphatic filiarisis

+ why?

A

severe lymphatic oedema

block lymphatics in legs predominantly

27
Q

Examples of flatworms = cestodes (metazoan endoparasite)

A

Tapeworms eg taenia eg T. solium, T. asiatica, T. saginata

28
Q

Definitive symptom of T. solium

A

cysticercosis - hardened cyst formation

in brain cause acquired epilepsy

29
Q

Example of flukes = trematodes (metazoan endoparasite)

A

Schistosoma mansoni, japonica -> Schistosomiasis

30
Q

Symptoms of schistosomiasis

A

itchy rash and minimal symptoms initially

scarring of liver and bladder

31
Q

Examples of ectoparasites

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

headlice, body lice, pubic lice

32
Q

Define vector

A

any agent who carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism

33
Q

Examples of vectors

A

Organisms eg snails, insects

Innanimate objects eg water, air, dust, surfaces

34
Q

Specific examples of vectors

A 
sandfly in Leishmania (!!!)
Mosquito in plasmodium malariae
pig meat in taenia solium
beef in taenia saginata
cats in toxoplasmosis
35
Q

Most common hleminth (metazoan endoparasite) infection

A

ASCARIASIS

(Then schistosomiasis and lymphatic filiarisis)

MCD personal (4 decks)

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