Microbio parasites Flashcards
Parasite definition
An organism living on or in a host that relies the host for nutrition, often causing damage and disease to them
Broad classification of parasites and define
Endoparasites - parasites that survive inside the host
Ectoparasites - parasites that survive outside the host
Classification of endoparasites
Protozoa
Metazoa
Classification of protozoa (endoparasites)
amoeba, coccidiae, ciliate, flagellates
Classification of metazoa (endoparasites)
roundworms, flatworms, flukes
Define protozoa with charateristics
SINGLE celled eukaryote endoparasites
no eosinophilia
Can have insect vectors
Define metazoa with charateristics
MULTIcellular eukaryote endoparasites, free living with intermediate hosts
Associated eosinophilia
Examples of amoeba (protozoan endoparasites)
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar
(Ent as invade GI by faeco-oral route + amoeba)
Symptoms of E. histolytica
ulceration of colon, liver abcesses, may spread to brain, liver, lungs
Exmaples of coccidiae (protozoan endoparasites)
Plasmodium species (P. malariae), Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium
Symptoms of plasmodium (malaria)
PAROXYSMAL (4-8hr cycle): fever, chills, headache, vomiting, muscle pain
severe anaemia, cerebral malaria (infection spreads to brain -> seizures and coma
Examples of toxoplasma (protozoan endoparasites)
Toxoplasma gondii -> toxoplasmosis
Symptoms of toxoplasma and those affected
fever, lymphadenopathy, headaches, sore throat
Immunocomromised, pregnant affects foetus transplacentally
Symptoms of cryptosporidium
Those affected
diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting
Common in HIV+
Examples of ciliate (protozoan endoparasite)
Balantidium coli
Symptoms of balantidium coli (-> balantidiasis)
those affected
no symptoms
severe dyssentry, abdo pains, weight loss etc in immmunocompromised
Examples of flagellates (protozoan endoparasites)
Gardia lamblia, Trichomonas, Leishmania
Symptoms of Gardia lamblia (-> gardiasis)
diarrhoea
Symptoms of Trichomonas
+ why?
dysuria and smelly discharge
sexual transmission and infection of urogenitals
Symptoms of Leishmania (-> leishmaniasis)
+why?
Cutaneous open sore and scarring at bite site, skin and mucosal ulcers
Sand fly is vector
Metazoa (endoparasite) syonym
helminths
Synonyms of classes of metazoa (helminths)
roundworms = nematodes flatworms = cestodes flukes = trematodes
Examples of roundworms (nematodes) (metazoan endoparasite)
ascaris
hookworm eg Ancylostoma duodenale
filaria eg lymphatic filiarisis
strongyloides
Symptoms of ascaris
+why?
no symptoms
malnourishent in children
inhabits GI and poops out eggs
