Microbio Fungal immunity Flashcards
Describe innate immune reponse and recognition of fungi
Phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages
Opsonisation by n
Recognition by PRR and PAMPs/DAMPs and TLRs on neutrophils and macrophages
Consequence of innate immune response
Activating adaptive immune system if breached
Triggering inflammation by cytokine release
Describe adaptive immune reponse
to fungal infection
Generation of Ag-specific Th and Treg cells and B cells
How does adaptive immune system get triggered to fight against fungal infection
Dendritic cells act as APCs and sample fungi at colonisation site -> translocate to draining lymph node -> present Ag to T lymphocytes that recirculate
What do T lymphocytes immediately do?
Release of appropraite cytokines by appropraite Th cell
Travel to colonisation sight to fight fungus
Role of Treg cells in fungal immunity?
REGulate XSive Th cell response/inflammation
Development of memory immunity -> specific and greater and faster response on secondary infection
Describe 3 fungal morphisms stating names
Candida albicans -> dimorphism of budding yeast and HYPHAE
Cryptococcus neoformans -> capsule to evade phagocytosis
Aspergillus sp. (eg umigatus) -> inhaled as CONIDIA, but invades tissues as HYPHAE
Those most at risk of fungal infection giving examples
Immunosuppressed (esp T lymphocyte suppressed)
eg HIV+/AIDS
transplant pts on chronic immunouppressants
those with autoimmune conditions managed by immunosuppressants eg DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis
chemotherapy pts
stem cell transplant pts
Consequence of lack of/mutations in TLR and innate immune system sensing receptors of fungi
Increase susceptibility to fungal infections as lack of recognition
Cell type and response important in Aspergillus
Neutrophils
Produce NETs of DNA to trap fungus
Dendritic cell presentation and adaptive immune response dependent on…
fungal morphogenesis/morphisms
