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MCD personal > Immuno Inflammatory dermatoses > Flashcards

Immuno Inflammatory dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcut tissues

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2
Q

Structures found in the demis

A

pilosebaceous units, blood vessels, sweat glands, sensory nerve endings

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3
Q

Cell types in the epidemis

A

keratinocyte, Langerhans cells (dendritic cells), Merkel cells (sensory), melanocytes

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4
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A 
stratum corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale
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5
Q

Change in shape/ characteristics of keratinocytes as they move up dermis

A

start cuboidal, become flatter as they reach stratum corneum, lose nucleus and IC structures, become keratinised

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6
Q

Structural arrangement of keratinocytes in stratum cornuem

A

flat keratinocytes (corneocytes) embedded in lipid (bricks and mortar)
Filaggrin protein
Covered in superfiial sebum layer

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7
Q

Function of keratnocytes

A

barrier function of skin, innate immmunity

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8
Q

Filaggrin location and function

A

Filament aggregating protein

Located in stratum corneum, necessary for keratin interaction with lipid envelope

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9
Q

Define atopy

Give examples

A

tendency to develop hypersensitivity

Atopic eczema, hayfever, asthma

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10
Q

Epidemiology of atopic eczema

A

Usually affects children up til 10yo (first step of atopic march along with food allergy)

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11
Q

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting atopic eczema pathophysiology

A

Intrnsic
decreased barrier function of epiermis, atopic activation of innate and adaptive immune cells
Extrinsic
Penetration of exogenous agents eg allergens (house dust mites), irritants and pathogens (staph areus)

Leads to local inflammation

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12
Q

Symptoms of atopic eczema

A

palmar hyperlinearity

face, elbow, knees itchy rashes in infants

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13
Q

Gene mutation and protein affected in atopic eczema

A

Filaggrin gene mutation -> filaggrin

decreased barrier function of epidermis (palmar hyperlinearity is a sign of filaggrin gene mutation)

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14
Q

Atopic eczema synonym

A

dermatitis

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15
Q

Other types of eczema

A

contact, sebbhoerreic, discoid, herpeticus

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16
Q

Sebbrrhoeic eczema cause and symptoms

A

overgrowth of malassezia species of yeast on skin with skin inflammation.
Rash has a distinctive distribution including nasolabial folds, eyebrows, scalp, central chest and sometimes axillae and groins.
Often not itchy

17
Q

Psoriasis symtpoms

A

red, scaly, plaques, rashes with DEFINITIVE margins

18
Q

Psoriasis epidemiology

A

usually affects teens and then 40/50yos

19
Q

Psoriasis cause

A

Environmental factors triggering genetic predispositions. Gene mutation in PSOR1. inflammation due to T lymphocyte invasion releasing TNF-alpha
Leads to hyperkeratosis and neutrophil invasion

20
Q

Bodily distribution of psoriasis

A

elbows, knees, butt, genitals, umbilicus and lower back

21
Q

Types of psoriasis

A 
Chronic plaque
Guttate
Palmoplantar pustulosis
Generalised pustular psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis affects approximately 30% of patients with cutaneous disease.
22
Q

Components of the pilosebaceous unit

A

hair follicle
sebaceous gland
erector pili muscle

23
Q

Acne cause

A

disorder of pilosebaceous unit

24
Q

Acne pathophysiology

A

Hyperkeratinisation of the epidermis in the infundibulum of the hair follicle
Accumulation of dead keratinocytes in the lumen of the hair follicle
Increase sebum production stimulated by androgens
Proliferation of propionibacterium acnes within the pilosebaceous unit
Rupture of the inflamed pilosebaceous unit, with further inflammation of the surrounding skin

25
Q

acne symptoms

A

open and closed comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and scars on the face, chest and back.

26
Q

acne epidemiology

A

teenagers and young adults

27
Q

Bullous pemphigoiD pathophysiology

A

IgG autoantibodies targetteed against BPAg1 and BPAg2 (Bullous pemphigoid antigen) that make up hemidesmosomes in basement membrane zone between Dermis and epiDermis leading to subepidermal blisters

28
Q

Bullous pemphigoid epidemiology

A

Usually the elderly

29
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa affected

A

newborn babies due to defect in hemidesmosomes leading to erythromtous blistering all over body

30
Q

PemphiGus vulgaris pathophysiology

A

IgG autoantibodies target against desmosome components desmoglein 1 and 3 lead to loss of cell-cell adhesion (acantholysis) within the epidermis causing flaccid blisters in the skin or mucous membranes

31
Q

Bullous pemphigoid vs pemphigus vulagris site of lysis

A

Bullous pemphigoiD = Basement membrane zone between Dermis and epiDermis
pemphiGus vulagris = in stratum Granulosum

MCD personal (4 decks)

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