Microbial Pathogenesis

Question 1

Are a small group of microbes

Answer 1

Pathogens

Question 2

Ability to cause a disease

Answer 2

Pathogenecity

Question 3

A degree to which the microbe is pathogenic

Answer 3

Virulence

Question 4

What are the 4 TASKS a microbe must accomplish to cause a disease?

Answer 4

1. ) Gain entry to a host
2. ) Attach and multiply
3. ) Evade host defences
4. ) Cause damage to tissues

Question 5

Some microbes have _______ that enables attachment to specific tissue/cells.

Answer 5

Adhesins

Question 6

It is a glandular tissue…

Answer 6

B. pseudomallei

Question 7

Are Respiratory Cells…

Answer 7

Adenovirus

Question 8

Pili/fimbriae is a specific receptor which affect the..(hint: 3 parts)

Answer 8

Bladder, Gut and Cappiliaries

Question 9

2 examples of Pili/Fimbriae

Answer 9

E. Coli - Bladder & Gut

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae - genital epithelium

Question 10

It is described to be a slime layer capsule

Answer 10

Glycocalyx

Question 11

Sticks to dentine

Answer 11

Streptococcus Mutans

Question 12

Produces Acid

Answer 12

Multiples

Question 13

Has a specific relationship

Answer 13

HIV, CD4 (T-Helper Cells)

Question 14

Helps to explain higher incidence of disease

Answer 14

Influenza Receptors

Question 15

Genetic material, shape and structure of SARS CoV 2 aka “Covid-19

Answer 15

RNA, Spherical, Enveloped

Question 16

Hooks and Sucker are what type of microbes (hint: It is a PARASITE)

Answer 16

Helminths

Question 17

EBA - 175 is abbreviated to…

Answer 17

Erythrocyte Binding Agent (EBA)

Question 18

MSP 1,24,5 is abbreviated to…

Answer 18

Merozoite Surface Protein

Question 19

AMA is abbreviated to…

Answer 19

Apical Membrane Antigen

Question 20

RAP 1 -3 is abbreviated to…

Answer 20

Rhoptry associated protein

Question 21

What are the 4 antigens/proteins which enable invasion? (in PARASITES)

Answer 21

1. )EBA-175
2. )MSP-1,24,5
3. )AMA-
4. )RAP1-3

Question 22

Preventing a step in phagocytosis

Answer 22

Antiphagocytic

Question 23

Masks the receptors on the surface

Answer 23

Capsule

Question 24

True or False: Acapsular Mutants can not cause.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Hiding from the immune mechanism.

Answer 25

Concealment

Question 26

Give 2 examples of latent viral infections

Answer 26

- Varicella Zoster Virus | - Herpes Simplex

Question 27

What do you call the bacteria of Hydatid Disease?

Answer 27

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 28

A condition caused by cysts containing the larval stage. (hint: E.granulosus)

Answer 28

Hydatid Disease

Question 29

Tricking immune mechanism

Answer 29

Antigen Variation

Question 30

Memory cells be stimulated

Answer 30

Change antigen structure

Question 31

A slight variation in the coding of the immunological important antigens.

Answer 31

Antigen Drift - reduce effectiveness of memory | ex. influenza and rhinovirus

Question 32

Two strains infect and complete fool memory

Answer 32

Antigen Shift

Question 33

An example of deplete or reduce the capacity of host's immune response.

Answer 33

HIV

Question 34

Protease breaks down antibody

Answer 34

Haemophilus influenza

Question 35

Substances that can be secreted and part of microbes.

Answer 35

Toxins

Question 36

The 2 groups of Toxins:

Answer 36

1. )Exotoxin - toxins secreted into the environment | 2. ) Endotoxins - toxins part of bacterial cell, lipid A, released on cell destruction

Question 37

Beak down red cells ex. Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 37

Haemolysins

Question 38

Kill white cells ex. Staphylococcus pyogenes

Answer 38

Leukocidins

Question 39

Many bacteria

Answer 39

Hyaluronidases

Question 40

True or False: Antikeratin is a bacteria.

Answer 40

False, it is a FUNGI

Question 41

It enables colonization of mucus.

Answer 41

Antimucin

Question 42

Anti-Clotting

Answer 42

Kinases

Question 43

Changes in permeability of gut epithelium

Answer 43

Vibrio Cholera

Question 44

what are the 3 changes of function of Exotoxins

Answer 44

1. ) Vibrio Cholera 2. )Fluid loss 3. ) Die of dehydration

Question 45

What happens in Endotoxins?

Answer 45

- Inflammation, stimulate host cell response - overload host - increased vessel permeability - loss of fluid - septic shock

Question 46

What study involves Endotoxins?

Answer 46

Immunopathology

Question 47

Give diseases related to proinflammatory cytokine

Answer 47

Ex. LF, Tuberculosis, melioidosis

Question 48

The 2 "Balancing Act" of Infectious disease

Answer 48

1. ) Integrity of the host defense mechanism | 2. )Virulent of the microbe

Question 49

True or False: Compromised defenses can be breached less easily.

Answer 49

False, Compromised defenses can be breached MORE easily

Question 50

Virulent microbe can evade _______

Answer 50

Defenses